{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:39:21Z","timestamp":1777419561742,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1 R01 NS042604-01A2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 R01 NS042604-01A2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cysticercosis is an infection with larval cysts of the cestode<jats:italic>Taenia solium<\/jats:italic>. Through pathways that are incompletely understood, dying parasites initiate a granulomatous reaction that, in the brain, causes seizures. Substance P (SP), a neuropeptide involved in pain-transmission, contributes to inflammation and previously was detected in granulomas associated with dead<jats:italic>T. crassiceps<\/jats:italic>cysts. To determine if SP contributes to granuloma formation, we measured granuloma-size and levels of IL-1<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mi>\u03b2<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>, TNF-<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mi>\u03b1<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>, and IL-6 within granulomas in<jats:italic>T. crassiceps<\/jats:italic>-infected wild type (WT) mice and mice deficient in SP-precursor (SPP) or the SP-receptor (neurokinin 1, NK1). Granuloma volumes of infected SPP- and NK1-knockout mice were reduced by 31 and 36%, respectively, compared to WT mice (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>for both) and produced up to 5-fold less IL-1<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mi>\u03b2<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>, TNF-<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mi>\u03b1<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>, and IL-6 protein. Thus, SP signaling contributes to granuloma development and proinflammatory cytokine production in<jats:italic>T. crassiceps<\/jats:italic>infection and suggests a potential role for this mediator in human cystercercosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/597086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,28]],"date-time":"2010-01-28T15:30:29Z","timestamp":1264692629000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Substance P Signaling Contributes to Granuloma Formation in<i>Taenia crassiceps<\/i>Infection, a Murine Model of Cysticercosis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2010","author":[{"given":"Armandina","family":"Garza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Tweardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of 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