{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T09:56:12Z","timestamp":1778666172469,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES09775-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES09775-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PPAR Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b1 (PPAR\u03b1) is activated by a large number of xenobiotic and hypolipidemic compounds called peroxisome proliferator chemicals (PPCs). One agonist of PPAR\u03b1 (WY-14,643) regulates responses in the mouse liver to chemical stress in part by altering expression of genes involved in proteome maintenance (PM) including protein chaperones in the heat shock protein (<jats:italic>Hsp<\/jats:italic>) family and proteasomal genes (<jats:italic>Psm<\/jats:italic>) involved in proteolysis. We hypothesized that other PPAR\u03b1 activators including diverse hypolipidemic and xenobiotic compounds also regulate PM genes in the rat and mouse liver. We examined the expression of PM genes in rat and mouse liver after exposure to 7 different PPCs (WY-14,643, clofibrate, fenofibrate, valproic acid, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluorooctane sulfonate) using Affymetrix microarrays. In rats and mice, 174 or 380\u2009PM genes, respectively, were regulated by at least one PPC. The transcriptional changes were, for the most part, dependent on PPAR\u03b1, as most changes were not observed in similarly treated PPAR\u03b1-null mice and the changes were not consistently observed in rats treated with activators of the nuclear receptors CAR or PXR. In rats and mice, PM gene expression exhibited differences compared to typical direct targets of PPAR\u03b1 (e.g.,<jats:italic>Cyp4a<\/jats:italic>family members). PM gene expression was usually delayed and in some cases, it was transient. Dose-response characterization of protein expression showed that Hsp86 and Hsp110 proteins were induced only at higher doses. These studies demonstrate that PPAR\u03b1, activated by diverse PPC, regulates the expression of a large number of genes involved in protein folding and degradation and support an expanded role for PPAR\u03b1 in the regulation of genes that protect the proteome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/727194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,17]],"date-time":"2011-01-17T19:39:03Z","timestamp":1295293143000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Regulation of Proteome Maintenance Gene Expression by Activators of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor \u03b1"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2010","author":[{"given":"Hongzu","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NHEERL Toxicogenomics Core, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beena","family":"Vallanat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHEERL Toxicogenomics Core, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7415-4617","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Holly M.","family":"Brown-Borg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine, 501 N. 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