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It is located in, and may actively be released by, astro- and oligodendrocytes. Studies consistently show that S100B is elevated in mood disorders; more strongly in major depressive than bipolar disorder. Successful antidepressive treatment reduces S100B in major depression whereas there is no evidence of treatment effects in mania. In contrast to the glial marker S100B, the neuronal marker protein neuron-specific enolase is unaltered. By indicating glial alterations without neuronal changes, serum S100B studies confirm specific glial pathology in mood disorders<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. S100B can be regarded as a potential diagnostic biomarker for mood disorders and as a biomarker for successful antidepressive treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/780645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,27]],"date-time":"2010-05-27T14:33:43Z","timestamp":1274970823000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Mood Disorders Are Glial Disorders: Evidence from<i>In Vivo<\/i>Studies"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2010","author":[{"given":"Matthias L.","family":"Schroeter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 10362 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, 10125 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Day Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cognitive Neurology & Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Unit, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 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