{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T08:48:10Z","timestamp":1791103690975,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Chronic phantom limb pain (PLP) is a disabling chronic pain syndrome for which regular pain treatment is seldom effective. Pain memories resulting from long\u2010lasting preamputation pain or pain flashbacks, which are part of a traumatic memory, are reported to be powerful elicitors of PLP.<\/jats:p><jats:p>OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a psychological treatment directed at processing the emotional and somatosensory memories associated with amputation reduces PLP.<\/jats:p><jats:p>METHODS: Ten consecutive participants (six men and four women) with chronic PLP after leg amputation were treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Pain intensity was assessed during a two\u2010week period before and after treatment (mean number of sessions = 5.9), and at short\u2010 (three months) and long\u2010term (mean 2.8 years) follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><jats:p>RESULTS: Multivariate ANOVA for repeated measures revealed an overall time effect (F[2, 8]=6.7; P&lt;0.02) for pain intensity. Pairwise comparison showed a significant decrease in mean pain score before and after treatment (P=0.00), which was maintained three months later. All but two participants improved and four were considered to be completely pain free at three months follow\u2010up. Of the six participants available at long\u2010term follow\u2010up (mean 2.8 years), three were pain free and two had reduced pain intensity.<\/jats:p><jats:p>CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results suggest that, following a psychological intervention focused on trauma or pain\u2010related memories, substantial long\u2010term reduction of chronic PLP can be achieved. However, larger outcome studies are required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/981634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]],"date-time":"2016-03-15T08:09:33Z","timestamp":1458029373000},"page":"65-71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Treatment of Chronic Phantom Limb Pain Using a Trauma\u2010Focused Psychological Approach"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"C","family":"de Roos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AC","family":"Veenstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"de Jongh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ME","family":"den Hollander-Gijsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NJA","family":"van der Wee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FG","family":"Zitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YR","family":"van Rood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/prm\/2010\/981634.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2010\/981634","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T01:28:25Z","timestamp":1723080505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2010\/981634"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2010\/981634"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2010\/981634","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1203-6765","1918-1523"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1203-6765","type":"print"},{"value":"1918-1523","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-01-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}