{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T05:54:45Z","timestamp":1791698085033,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The metastasis is the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. Two-thirds of patients with cancer will develop bone metastasis. Breast, prostate and lung cancer are responsible for more than 80% of cases of metastatic bone disease. The spine is the most common site of bone metastasis. A spinal metastasis may cause pain, instability and neurological injuries. The diffusion through Batson venous system is the principal process of spinal metastasis, but the dissemination is possible also through arterial and lymphatic system or by contiguity. Once cancer cells have invaded the bone, they produce growth factors that stimulate osteoblastic or osteolytic activity resulting in bone remodeling with release of other growth factors that lead to a vicious cycle of bone destruction and growth of local tumour.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/107969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,10]],"date-time":"2011-08-10T19:00:36Z","timestamp":1313002836000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Physiopathology of Spine Metastasis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Giulio","family":"Maccauro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Agostino Gemelli Hospital, Catholic University, L.go F. Vito, 1-00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Silvia","family":"Spinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Agostino Gemelli Hospital, Catholic University, L.go F. Vito, 1-00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigismondo","family":"Mauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Messina University, Via Consolare Valeria, 1-98122 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Perisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Agostino Gemelli Hospital, Catholic University, L.go F. Vito, 1-00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calogero","family":"Graci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Agostino Gemelli Hospital, Catholic University, L.go F. Vito, 1-00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8992-7560","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michele Attilio","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Messina University, Via Consolare Valeria, 1-98122 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"312","key":"3","first-page":"148","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.70.3.0405","volume":"70","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc867"},{"key":"6","series-title":"Linee Guida SIOT","year":"2008"},{"issue":"7","key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3597","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.7.3597","volume":"95","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"8","first-page":"54","volume":"26","year":"1963","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"9","year":"1989"},{"key":"10","first-page":"95","volume":"169","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-0931"},{"key":"12","year":"2008"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra030831"},{"key":"14","series-title":"Current Clinical Oncology","volume-title":"The pathophysiology of spinal metastases","year":"2006"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900320"},{"issue":"8","key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650070814","volume":"7","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.03.8802"},{"issue":"6","key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-197912000-00016","volume":"5","year":"1979","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19971015)80:8+<1614::AID-CNCR12>3.0.CO;2-2","volume":"80","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199111000-00001","volume":"29","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.158.6.1590123","volume":"158","year":"1992","journal-title":"The American Journal of Roentgenology"},{"key":"22","year":"1958"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-16-1-38","volume":"16","year":"1942","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"5577","key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/263507a0","volume":"263","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410030107","volume":"3","year":"1978","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.237.23.2504"},{"issue":"1","key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198501000-00003","volume":"10","year":"1985","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6954-4_4","volume":"16","year":"1988","journal-title":"Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery"},{"key":"29","year":"2007"},{"issue":"312","key":"30","first-page":"4","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668070-00025","volume":"68","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(195105)4:3<610::AID-CNCR2820040312>3.0.CO;2-Q","volume":"4","year":"1951","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"33","first-page":"528","volume":"55","year":"1973","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"},{"issue":"169","key":"34","first-page":"381","volume":"60","year":"1976","journal-title":"Bulletin de l'Association des Anatomistes"},{"issue":"3","key":"35","first-page":"135","volume":"22","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetes Research"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19900101)65:1<98::AID-CNCR2820650121>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"issue":"3","key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02904492","volume":"13","year":"2002","journal-title":"ATTI Della Accademia Nazionale Dei Lincei Rendiconti Lincei Scienze Fisiche E Naturali"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2000.00701.x"},{"issue":"12","key":"39","first-page":"2912","volume":"88","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(00)00094-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00046338","volume":"9","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer and Metastasis Reviews"},{"issue":"15","key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.7.15.8262328","volume":"7","year":"1993","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00132746","volume":"10","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Metastasis"},{"issue":"11","key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.94.07112062","volume":"7","year":"1994","journal-title":"The European Respiratory Journal"},{"issue":"9","key":"45","first-page":"759","volume":"45","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pathologie Biologie"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-1878(199911)21:11<940::AID-BIES6>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.1007\/s002800051097","volume":"43","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Chemotherapy & Pharmacology"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180050495"},{"key":"49","first-page":"225","volume":"15","year":"2000","journal-title":"Histology and Histopathology"},{"issue":"5","key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.5.1135","volume":"18","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(01)02122-5"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6446(01)01752-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03032599","volume":"7","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pathology and Oncology Research"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00370728"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006778000173"},{"issue":"7","key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600207","volume":"86","year":"2002","journal-title":"The British Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/scbi.2000.0379"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01307187"},{"issue":"1","key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00046840","volume":"10","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer and Metastasis Reviews"},{"issue":"1\u20136","key":"60","first-page":"109","volume":"14","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invasion and Metastasis"},{"key":"61","first-page":"157","volume":"189","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ciba Foundation Symposium"},{"issue":"1","key":"62","first-page":"101","volume":"101","year":"1980","journal-title":"The American Journal of Pathology"},{"issue":"8","key":"63","first-page":"1546","volume":"80","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X1999000700002","volume":"32","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"65","first-page":"2903","volume":"88","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.5.844","volume":"15","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3109\/10428190009089428","volume":"37","year":"2000","journal-title":"Leukemia and Lymphoma"},{"issue":"8","key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.86.8.885","volume":"86","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114322","volume":"84","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cr.7290266"},{"issue":"3","key":"71","first-page":"205","volume":"2","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Supportive Oncology"},{"key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-006-9023-1"},{"issue":"4","key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-205-43711","volume":"205","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01053416","volume":"23","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Neuro-Oncology"},{"issue":"5","key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.5.1135","volume":"18","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"issue":"3","key":"76","first-page":"733","volume":"97","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"77","first-page":"931","volume":"93","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bulletin du Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118947","volume":"98","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"11","key":"79","first-page":"3059","volume":"51","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI3523","volume":"103","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"2","key":"81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200102)44:2<253::AID-ANR41>3.0.CO;2-S","volume":"44","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatism"},{"issue":"13","key":"82","first-page":"3118","volume":"56","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2846","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117990","volume":"95","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"1","key":"84","first-page":"18","volume":"19","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"issue":"9","key":"85","first-page":"2372","volume":"54","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0995-944","volume":"1","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.2000.1261","volume":"83","year":"2000","journal-title":"British Journal of Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0995-944","volume":"1","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.10022"},{"key":"90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1830978100"},{"key":"91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.2008"},{"key":"92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600115"},{"issue":"1","key":"93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1991.tb15260.x","volume":"68","year":"1991","journal-title":"The British Journal of Urology"},{"issue":"19","key":"94","first-page":"5564","volume":"62","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.20.010403.113126"},{"key":"96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-006-9022-2"},{"issue":"2","key":"97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65919-6","volume":"156","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijso\/2011\/107969.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijso\/2011\/107969.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijso\/2011\/107969.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T21:06:29Z","timestamp":1712696789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijso\/2011\/107969\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"references-count":95,"alternative-id":["107969","107969"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/107969","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-1402","2090-1410"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-1402","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-1410","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}}}