{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T14:52:56Z","timestamp":1746802376965,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Information Technology Research Center Program","award":["NIPA-2011-C1090-1111-0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIPA-2011-C1090-1111-0006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Autocalibration of VCO frequency and loop gain is an essential process in PLL frequency synthesizers. In a wide tuning-range fractional-<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>PLL frequency synthesizer, high-speed and high-precision automatic calibration is especially important for shortening the lock time and improving the phase noise. This paper reviews the design issues of the PLL auto-calibration and discusses on the limitations of the previous techniques. A very simple and efficient auto-calibration method based on a high-speed frequency-to-digital converter (FDC) is proposed and verified through simulations. The proposed method is highly suited for a very wide-band<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u0394<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>\u03a3<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>fractional-<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>PLL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/139183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,15]],"date-time":"2011-09-15T01:21:03Z","timestamp":1316049663000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design Considerations for Autocalibrations of Wide-Band<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mi>\u0394<\/mml:mi><mml:mi>\u03a3<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>Fractional-<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math>PLL Synthesizers"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Jaewook","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"High-Speed Integrated Circuits and Systems Laboratory, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Hyunchol","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High-Speed Integrated Circuits and Systems Laboratory, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2007.914896"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4.871320"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4.910481"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCD.2004.1343243"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2005.857360"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2004.829938"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2006.889360"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2007.914325"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2008.2010792"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2009.2036057"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2007.899105"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2006.883844"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2009.2014449"}],"container-title":["Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jece\/2011\/139183.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jece\/2011\/139183.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jece\/2011\/139183.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]],"date-time":"2016-08-04T07:47:02Z","timestamp":1470296822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jece\/2011\/139183\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"references-count":13,"alternative-id":["139183","139183"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/139183","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2090-0147"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2090-0155"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}}}