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Recent insights into the molecular pathogenesis of leukemia have shown that epigenetic modifications, such as deacetylation of histones and DNA methylation, play crucial roles in leukemogenesis, by transcriptional silencing of critical genes. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are potential targets in the treatment of leukaemia, and, as a consequence, inhibitors of HDACs (HDIs) are being studied for therapeutic purposes. HDIs promote or enhance several different anticancer mechanisms, such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and cellular differentiation and, therefore, are in evidence as promising treatment for children and adolescents with acute leukemia, in monotherapy or in association with other anticancer drugs. Here we review the main preclinical and clinical studies regarding the use of HDIs in treating childhood and adolescence leukemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/148046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,13]],"date-time":"2011-01-13T19:55:40Z","timestamp":1294948540000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Role of HDACs Inhibitors in Childhood and Adolescence AcuteLeukemias"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Masetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Serravalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlotta","family":"Biagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Pession","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001622-200301000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2004.1.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2009.250"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.12.3927"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403869"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.25.1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06419.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.11203"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/ehm.09.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157488706776876490"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568011023353921"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000896"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22185"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210610"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/90.21.1621"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35895"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35901"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402776"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.118406"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI25546"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm7011408"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/0126839-200809060-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2009.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-0080"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-03-009142"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_27_2","first-page":"5165","article-title":"Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, suppresses the growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo","volume":"60","author":"Butler L. 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