{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T04:38:15Z","timestamp":1791088695439,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":280,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011091","name":"Federal Public Service of Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RF 11\/6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF 11\/6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011091","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"University of Liege","award":["RF 11\/6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF 11\/6"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Q fever is an ubiquitous zoonosis caused by an resistant intracellular bacterium,<jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>. In certain areas, Q fever can be a severe public health problem, and awareness of the disease must be promoted worldwide. Nevertheless, knowledge of<jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>remains limited to this day. Its resistant (intracellular and environmental) and infectious properties have been poorly investigated. Further understanding of the interactions between the infected host and the bacteria is necessary. Domestic ruminants are considered as the main reservoir of bacteria. Infected animals shed highly infectious organisms in milk, feces, urine, vaginal mucus, and, very importantly, birth products. Inhalation is the main route of infection. Frequently asymptomatic in humans and animals, Q fever can cause acute or chronic infections. Financial consequences of infection can be dramatic at herd level. Vaccination with inactive whole-cell bacteria has been performed and proved effective in humans and animals. However, inactive whole-cell vaccines present several defects. Recombinant vaccines have been developed in experimental conditions and have great potential for the future. Q fever is a challenging disease for scientists as significant further investigations are necessary. Great research opportunities are available to reach a better understanding and thus a better prevention and control of the infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/248418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,13]],"date-time":"2011-12-13T21:01:23Z","timestamp":1323810083000},"page":"1-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":170,"title":["Q Fever: Current State of Knowledge and Perspectives of Research of a Neglected Zoonosis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Sarah Rebecca","family":"Porter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, B42, Boulevard de Colonster 20, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Czaplicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de S\u00e9rologie, Association R\u00e9gionale de Sant\u00e9 et d'Identification Animales, 4431 Loncin, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Mainil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, Sart-Tilman B43a, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rapha\u00ebl","family":"Guatt\u00e9o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1300 Bio-Agression, Epid\u00e9miologie et Analyse de Risque, INRA, 44307 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Saegerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge, B42, Boulevard de Colonster 20, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1937.tb43743.x","volume":"2","year":"1937","journal-title":"The Medical Journal of Australia"},{"key":"7","year":"1999"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.07.016"},{"issue":"6639","key":"147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(50)91582-0","volume":"256","year":"1950","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"52","first-page":"67","volume":"12","year":"1951","journal-title":"Annali Della Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica"},{"key":"240","volume":"64, article 743","year":"1952","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"issue":"3","key":"148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(54)90066-8","volume":"48","year":"1954","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"35","first-page":"87","volume":"5","year":"1956","journal-title":"Archives de l'Institut Pasteur du Maroc"},{"key":"67","first-page":"215","volume":"15","year":"1956","journal-title":"Monthly Bulletin of the Ministry of Health and the Public Health Laboratory Service"},{"issue":"3","key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1139\/m57-046","volume":"3","year":"1957","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Microbiology"},{"key":"250","first-page":"329","volume":"15","year":"1956","journal-title":"Bulletin\u2014World Health Organization"},{"issue":"5","key":"247","first-page":"781","volume":"13","year":"1955","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"issue":"7","key":"109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.60.781","volume":"60","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Science"},{"key":"26","first-page":"98","volume":"69","year":"1956","journal-title":"Transactions of the Association of American Physicians"},{"issue":"1","key":"190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.19.1.239-245.1978","volume":"19","year":"1978","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"218","first-page":"107","volume":"160","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bulletin de l'Academie Veterinaire de France"},{"key":"192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02163.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a119432","volume":"53","year":"1951","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"21","first-page":"82","volume":"5","year":"1959","journal-title":"Advances in Veterinary Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/5.4.800","volume":"5","year":"1983","journal-title":"Reviews of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"174","first-page":"148","volume-title":"Bacteria and rickettsiae. Important in human and animal health","year":"1984"},{"issue":"2","key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.47.2.366-369.1985","volume":"47","year":"1985","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.47.2.127-149.1983","volume":"47","year":"1983","journal-title":"Microbiological Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.160.3.994-1002.1984","volume":"160","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"issue":"5","key":"179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.55.5.1144-1150.1987","volume":"55","year":"1987","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"131","first-page":"203","volume":"40","year":"2003","journal-title":"Slovenian Veterinary Research"},{"key":"237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.11.5555-5559.2005"},{"key":"258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07441.x","volume":"990","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.12.6726-2733.2002"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00544.x"},{"key":"236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0931379100"},{"issue":"4","key":"165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.518","volume":"12","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-47-3-883","volume":"47","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology"},{"key":"173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2008.07.008"},{"issue":"1","key":"248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a120088","volume":"71","year":"1960","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1989.tb00984.x","volume":"33","year":"1989","journal-title":"Microbiology and Immunology"},{"issue":"6","key":"122","first-page":"437","volume":"37","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Virologica"},{"issue":"9","key":"264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1995.tb03254.x","volume":"39","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(97)00325-X"},{"key":"76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1990.tb42253.x"},{"key":"224","first-page":"448","volume":"41","year":"1983","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"issue":"3","key":"144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00145669","volume":"7","year":"1991","journal-title":"European Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1097(94)00508-O"},{"key":"228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1990.tb42262.x"},{"issue":"8","key":"86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.041354","volume":"11","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1097(94)90164-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1086\/517453","volume":"178","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"5 i","key":"93","first-page":"3240","volume":"78","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1990.tb42215.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.40.3.1155-1162.1983","volume":"40","year":"1983","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"issue":"8","key":"202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.8.1512","volume":"34","year":"1990","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"issue":"11","key":"175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-141-11-2861","volume":"141","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.154.1.520-523.1983","volume":"154","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"issue":"2","key":"295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-141-2-363","volume":"141","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.3.1225-1233.2003"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.11.6666-6675.2004"},{"key":"108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01011-10"},{"issue":"5","key":"217","first-page":"1415","volume":"132","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of General Microbiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.147.3.1063-1076.1981","volume":"147","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"key":"168","first-page":"267","volume-title":"Ultrastructural and biological aspects of Coxiella burnetii under physical disruption","year":"1981"},{"issue":"6","key":"169","first-page":"545","volume":"35","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Virologica"},{"key":"225","first-page":"427","volume-title":"Developmental cycle of Coxiella burnetii","year":"2000"},{"key":"20","first-page":"739","volume":"13","year":"1950","journal-title":"Rendiconti dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanit"},{"key":"296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.21.7344-7352.2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"123","first-page":"75","volume":"39","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arkhiv Patologii"},{"issue":"3","key":"116","first-page":"507","volume":"94","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6363912"},{"key":"239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-10-26"},{"key":"180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200105000-00018","volume":"20","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"key":"145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00440-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"185","first-page":"39","volume":"36","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Virologica"},{"key":"276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201000064"},{"issue":"2","key":"102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-137-2-269","volume":"137","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of General Microbiology"},{"key":"293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07420.x","volume":"990","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.2.844-852.2004"},{"key":"298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.3.1561-1567.2005"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017712"},{"issue":"6","key":"128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/152.6.1283","volume":"152","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.135.2.1067","volume":"135","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501863102"},{"issue":"5","key":"199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(17)31584-1","volume":"137","year":"1981","journal-title":"British Veterinary Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1958.tb35409.x","volume":"70","year":"1958","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009920","volume":"150","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00763-06"},{"key":"259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.25.3.285-293.1961","volume":"25","year":"1961","journal-title":"Bacteriological Reviews"},{"key":"135","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Coxiellosis in animals","year":"1990"},{"issue":"12","key":"90","first-page":"641","volume":"158","year":"2007","journal-title":"Revue de Medecine Veterinaire"},{"key":"273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2008.10.006"},{"key":"88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006038"},{"issue":"3","key":"265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.3.647-651.1996","volume":"34","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.60.859","volume":"60","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"98","first-page":"363","volume":"43","year":"2002","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2004.00586.x"},{"key":"211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-815"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2006.11.001"},{"key":"220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00690-08"},{"key":"160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(96)00369-X"},{"issue":"9","key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.153.9.269","volume":"153","year":"2003","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.2307\/4591908","volume":"78","year":"1963","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1970.10667193","volume":"21","year":"1970","journal-title":"Archives of Environmental Health"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-008-0090-2"},{"issue":"4","key":"300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1017\/S002217240004482X","volume":"54","year":"1956","journal-title":"The Journal of hygiene"},{"key":"280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-007-0566-z"},{"issue":"4","key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1950.02910390020006","volume":"143","year":"1950","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199402033300518"},{"issue":"6","key":"133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.6.1087","volume":"22","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/321878"},{"key":"171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0101"},{"issue":"9","key":"55","first-page":"365","volume":"66","year":"2008","journal-title":"Netherlands Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"6588","key":"95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(49)91600-1","volume":"254","year":"1949","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"37","key":"80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1070136","volume":"107","year":"1982","journal-title":"Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift"},{"issue":"3","key":"246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1086\/514698","volume":"27","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870001200505","volume":"12","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2010.12.021"},{"issue":"2","key":"198","first-page":"325","volume":"4","year":"1973","journal-title":"Annales de Recherches Veterinaires"},{"key":"25","first-page":"1","volume":"49","year":"2006","journal-title":"\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 Animale"},{"key":"50","first-page":"117","volume":"56","year":"2009","journal-title":"\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 Animale"},{"key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1672"},{"key":"61","first-page":"117","volume":"55","year":"2009","journal-title":"\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 Animale"},{"key":"89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2007.01043.x"},{"key":"158","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Acute Q fever","year":"1990"},{"key":"92","first-page":"59","volume":"15","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rencontres autour des Recherches sur les Ruminants"},{"key":"252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.05.005"},{"issue":"31, article 2","key":"229","volume":"13","year":"2008","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"},{"key":"125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1504.081612"},{"key":"272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01874-07"},{"key":"226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2006.06.003"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2003017"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.04.010"},{"issue":"17","key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.156.17.548","volume":"156","year":"2005","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"issue":"1","key":"99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1089\/153036603765627415","volume":"3","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"},{"issue":"16","key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.148.16.502","volume":"148","year":"2001","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(01)00480-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"191","first-page":"83","volume":"45","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanita"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2010.11.014"},{"issue":"5100","key":"149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5100.809","volume":"2","year":"1958","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"911","key":"146","first-page":"117","volume":"122","year":"1953","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"issue":"8417-8418","key":"127","first-page":"1447","volume":"2","year":"1984","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.75.7.763","volume":"75","year":"1985","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.4.753","volume":"23","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"17","key":"155","first-page":"69","volume":"14","year":"1988","journal-title":"Canada Diseases Weekly Report"},{"issue":"1","key":"156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.93.1.98","volume":"93","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/158.1.101","volume":"158","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1990.tb42231.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.1.202","volume":"164","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007317032647"},{"issue":"1","key":"301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800029757","volume":"102","year":"1989","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"83","first-page":"91","volume":"13","year":"1952","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.65.1047"},{"issue":"4","key":"284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112919","volume":"111","year":"1980","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a121296","volume":"94","year":"1971","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.2307\/3800717","volume":"42","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000081014","volume":"110","year":"1995","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.05.046"},{"key":"302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.06.020"},{"key":"48","first-page":"2270","volume":"53","year":"1938","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"},{"key":"193","first-page":"2267","volume":"53","year":"1938","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.2307\/4583119","volume":"54","year":"1939","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"},{"key":"49","first-page":"463","volume":"20","year":"1940","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1940.11","volume":"18","year":"1940","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Experimental Biology & Medical Science"},{"key":"242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1940.1","volume":"18","year":"1940","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Experimental Biology & Medical Science"},{"key":"243","first-page":"119","volume":"19","year":"1941","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Experimental Biology & Medical Science"},{"key":"200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.1960.9.3.214","volume":"9","year":"1960","journal-title":"Annual Report of the Australian Medical"},{"key":"303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2010.04.001"},{"key":"107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0180"},{"issue":"8478","key":"154","first-page":"427","volume":"1","year":"1986","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.2307\/3273312","volume":"34","year":"1948","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"85","first-page":"764","volume":"45","year":"1954","journal-title":"Le Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Pathologie Exotique"},{"key":"81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.02.007"},{"issue":"2","key":"159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.2.484","volume":"173","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"288","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Infectivity, virulence, and pathogenicity of Coxiella burnetii for various hosts","year":"1991"},{"key":"96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1308.070218","volume":"13","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2007.01096.x"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/321889"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/500402"},{"issue":"10","key":"117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349509021212","volume":"74","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"6","key":"208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.6.701","volume":"162","year":"2002","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/520661"},{"issue":"5","key":"24","first-page":"608","volume":"64","year":"1984","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"5","key":"178","first-page":"739","volume":"73","year":"1989","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90173-9"},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/320159"},{"key":"304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04519.x"},{"issue":"7","key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.7.1823-1834.1998","volume":"36","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.4919-4924.2004"},{"key":"105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38933.585764.AE"},{"key":"305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68266-4"},{"issue":"8","key":"233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.69.8.580","volume":"69","year":"1985","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01645555"},{"issue":"6","key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.6.693","volume":"162","year":"2002","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.448"},{"key":"134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3180f60bfe"},{"key":"166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2008.01109.x"},{"key":"306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-010-0052-x"},{"key":"152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcp077"},{"key":"209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70052-9"},{"key":"283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/596705"},{"issue":"3","key":"170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1089\/15303660260613747","volume":"2","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"},{"key":"230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-69"},{"issue":"3","key":"307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a024638","volume":"19","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/7.5.700","volume":"7","year":"1985","journal-title":"Reviews of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/10.1.198","volume":"10","year":"1988","journal-title":"Reviews of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/22.6.1183","volume":"22","year":"1993","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"13","key":"244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1982.tb124169.x","volume":"1","year":"1982","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"issue":"2","key":"255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.48.2.151","volume":"48","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.52.10.644","volume":"52","year":"1995","journal-title":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/380798"},{"key":"263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/510389"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.153.5.642"},{"key":"206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200003000-00005"},{"issue":"5","key":"164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.5.1097","volume":"166","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.2.167"},{"key":"82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.12.3644-3646.2001"},{"key":"262","first-page":"291","volume-title":"Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of Q fever","year":"2007"},{"key":"214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/379082"},{"key":"215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.7.2673-2676.2005"},{"key":"216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1355.039"},{"key":"119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02365-05"},{"issue":"6","key":"138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.6.2443-2447.1997","volume":"65","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"issue":"3","key":"234","first-page":"691","volume":"133","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of General Microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/139.2.191","volume":"139","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"278","first-page":"634","volume":"49","year":"1999","journal-title":"Laboratory Animal Science"},{"issue":"5963","key":"64","first-page":"266","volume":"327","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810002268"},{"key":"118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268808001908"},{"key":"212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1704.101562"},{"key":"114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02293-10"},{"issue":"3","key":"110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1703.101157","volume":"17","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3109\/10520296409061219","volume":"39","year":"1964","journal-title":"Stain Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/101.3.318","volume":"101","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879400600129","volume":"6","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812074106"},{"key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02210.x"},{"key":"308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.11.5094-5098.2003"},{"key":"270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02264.x"},{"issue":"9","key":"245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.30.9.2462-2466.1992","volume":"30","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"285","first-page":"580","volume":"41","year":"1994","journal-title":"Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe B"},{"key":"232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00454-09"},{"issue":"2","key":"112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.64.161","volume":"64","year":"2011","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-009-2068-7","volume":"84","year":"2009","journal-title":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},{"key":"251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1374.096"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2005010"},{"issue":"12","key":"183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.12.2947-2951.1996","volume":"34","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.9.3526-3529.2002"},{"issue":"6","key":"269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.32.6.1560-1565.1994","volume":"32","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"195","first-page":"1978","volume":"26","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"104","first-page":"279","volume":"52","year":"1985","journal-title":"The Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02148690","volume":"4","year":"1985","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.04.033"},{"issue":"2","key":"181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.4.2.208-212.1997","volume":"4","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology"},{"issue":"9","key":"137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.9.2270-2274.1996","volume":"34","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.1.2.189-196.1994","volume":"1","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology"},{"key":"275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1255-5"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(94)90325-5"},{"key":"12","first-page":"153","volume":"8","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rencontres autour des Recherches sur les Ruminants"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806005978"},{"key":"235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1990.tb42235.x"},{"key":"177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1410.080576"},{"key":"271","year":"2004"},{"key":"289","first-page":"91","volume":"58","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bulletin de l'Academie Veterinaire de France"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.01.017"},{"key":"221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02220.x"},{"key":"91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.06.023"},{"key":"103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.01.111","volume":"29","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.08.002"},{"issue":"24","key":"150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1967.tb27293.x","volume":"2","year":"1967","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"issue":"4","key":"77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.61.4.1251-1258.1993","volume":"61","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"issue":"3","key":"120","first-page":"389","volume":"60","year":"1982","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"issue":"6","key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1986.47.06.1235","volume":"47","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"121","first-page":"158","volume":"31","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Virologica"},{"key":"231","first-page":"79","volume":"267","year":"1987","journal-title":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene"},{"issue":"3","key":"287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.35.3.1091-1102.1982","volume":"35","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"issue":"11","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1994.tb125909.x","volume":"160","year":"1994","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"key":"309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/129.7.591","volume":"129","year":"1964","journal-title":"Military Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/148.2.214","volume":"148","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800059458","volume":"104","year":"1990","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.11.008"},{"issue":"6","key":"292","first-page":"327","volume":"38","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Virologica"},{"key":"142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1355.021"},{"key":"268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1355.022"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijmicro\/2011\/248418.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijmicro\/2011\/248418.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijmicro\/2011\/248418.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T18:00:16Z","timestamp":1742061616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijmicro\/2011\/248418\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"references-count":280,"alternative-id":["248418","248418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/248418","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-918X","1687-9198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-918X","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-9198","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}}}