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These may activate pattern recognition receptors and\/or cause oxidant injury to airway epithelial cells (AECs). In turn, this may promote Th2 polarisation via a \u201cfinal common pathway\u201d involving interaction between AEC, dendritic cells, and CD4+ T lymphocytes. Potentially important cytokines produced by AEC include thymic stromal lymphopoietin and interleukin-25. Their role is supported by in vitro studies using human AEC, as well as by experiments in animal models. To date, however, few investigations have employed models of the induction phase of childhood asthma. 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