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It can be affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) early in the disease. DTI is capable of infering the microstructural organization of the white matter. The vectorial analysis of the DTI offers the more specific indices of axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD), which have shown to be useful to discriminate myelin damage from axon loss, respectively. This study presents DTI results (mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), RD, and AD) of 23 relapsing-remitting MS patients and its correlation with cognitive performance. There were 47.8% of cognitive impaired patients (MS CI). We found signs of demyelination, reflected by increased RD, and incipient axon loss, reflected by AD increase, which was slightly higher in the MS CI. The cognitive changes correlated with the DTI parameters, suggesting that loss of complexity in CC connections can impair neural conduction. Thus, cognitive impairment can be related to callosal disconnection, and DTI can be a promising tool to evaluate those changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/304875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,10]],"date-time":"2011-07-10T17:40:29Z","timestamp":1310319629000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Corpus Callosum Microstructural Changes Correlate with Cognitive Dysfunction in Early Stages of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Axial and Radial Diffusivities Approach"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Carolina de Medeiros","family":"Rimkus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-44), School of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FM-USP), 05403-000 S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago de Faria","family":"Junqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FM-USP), 05403-000 S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarina Paz","family":"Lyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-44), School of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FM-USP), 05403-000 S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel P.","family":"Jackowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational Sciences, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (IME-USP), 05403-000 S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa A. 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