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Although the etiology and pathogenesis of IBD are largely unknown, studies with animal models of colitis indicate that dysregulation of host\/microbial interactions are requisite for the development of IBD.  Patients with long\u2010standing IBD have an increased risk for developing colitis\u2010associated cancer (CAC), especially 10 years after the initial diagnosis of colitis, although the absolute number of CAC cases is relatively small. The cancer risk seems to be not directly related to disease activity, but is related to disease duration\/extent, complication of primary sclerosing cholangitis, and family history of colon cancer.  In particular, high levels and continuous production of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and chemokines, by colonic epithelial cells (CECs) and immune cells in lamina propria may be strongly associated with the pathogenesis of CAC.  In this article, we have summarized animal models of CAC and have reviewed the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlining the development of carcinogenic changes in CECs secondary to the chronic inflammatory conditions in the intestine.  It may provide us some clues in developing a new class of therapeutic agents for the treatment of IBD and CAC in the near future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/342637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,12]],"date-time":"2011-01-12T19:38:05Z","timestamp":1294861085000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Animal Models of Colitis\u2010Associated Carcinogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Manasa","family":"Kanneganti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Mino-Kenudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emiko","family":"Mizoguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-192508010-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.4.526"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.4.522"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000058744.34965.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000217770.21261.ce"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70173-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.47.3.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.21505"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1999.277.3.G495"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.291.5505.881"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5437.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5427.588"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.6.731"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00665-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI7712"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.30347"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.2.966"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2006.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.6.3463"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90006-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199602)178:2<201::AID-PATH440>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI32453"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.5249"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(10)62047-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","first-page":"5248","article-title":"A National Cancer Institute workshop on microsatellite instability for cancer detection and familial predisposition: development of international criteria for the determination of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer","volume":"58","author":"Boland C. 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