{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T16:35:23Z","timestamp":1761323723520},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In today's society, highly accurate personal identification systems are required. Passwords or pin numbers can be forgotten or forged and are no longer considered to offer a high level of security. The use of biological features, biometrics, is becoming widely accepted as the next level for security systems. Biometric-based speaker identification is a method of identifying persons from their voice. Speaker-specific characteristics exist in speech signals due to different speakers having different resonances of the vocal tract. These differences can be exploited by extracting feature vectors such as Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) from the speech signal. A well-known statistical modelling process, the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), then models the distribution of each speaker's MFCCs in a multidimensional acoustic space. The GMM-based speaker identification system has features that make it promising for hardware acceleration. This paper describes the hardware implementation for classification of a text-independent GMM-based speaker identification system. The aim was to produce a system that can perform simultaneous identification of large numbers of voice streams in real time. This has important potential applications in security and in automated call centre applications. A speedup factor of ninety was achieved compared to a software implementation on a standard PC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/420369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,21]],"date-time":"2010-12-21T14:36:57Z","timestamp":1292942217000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["FPGA Implementation for GMM-Based Speaker Identification"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Phaklen","family":"EhKan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"},{"name":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}]},{"given":"Steven F.","family":"Quigley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/89.365379"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2005.854408"},{"key":"2","year":"2001"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/89.784104"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2006.884048"},{"key":"11","year":"2002"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20030594"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijrc\/2011\/420369.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijrc\/2011\/420369.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijrc\/2011\/420369.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]],"date-time":"2016-08-04T11:34:23Z","timestamp":1470310463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijrc\/2011\/420369\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"references-count":7,"alternative-id":["420369","420369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/420369","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-7195","1687-7209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-7195","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-7209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}}}