{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:58:49Z","timestamp":1788872329308,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10801006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10801006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10801006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10801006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009342","name":"AERAS Global Tuberculosis Vaccine Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10801006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10801006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009342","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical and Developmental Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n                    . While vaccination at birth with\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                    Bacilli Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) protects against severe childhood tuberculosis, there is no consensus as to which components of the BCG-induced immune response mediate this protection. However, granulysin and perforin, found in the granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and Natural Killer (NK) cells, can kill intracellular mycobacteria and are implicated in protection against\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We compared the cellular expression of granulysin and perforin cytolytic molecules in cord blood and peripheral blood from 10-week-old infants vaccinated at birth with either Japanese or Danish BCG, administered either intradermally or percutaneously.\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In cord blood, only CD56\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    NK cells expressed granulysin and perforin constitutively. These cytolytic mediators were upregulated in CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cord blood cells by\n                    <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    stimulation with BCG but not with PPD. Following BCG vaccination of neonates, both BCG and PPD induced increased expression of granulysin and perforin by CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells. There was no difference in expression of cytolytic molecules according to vaccination route or strain.\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Constitutive expression of perforin and granulysin by cord blood NK-cells likely provides innate immunity, while BCG vaccination-induced expression of these cytolytic mediators may contribute towards protection of the neonate against tuberculosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/438463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,29]],"date-time":"2010-12-29T01:41:59Z","timestamp":1293586919000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Induction of Granulysin and Perforin Cytolytic Mediator Expression in 10-Week-Old Infants Vaccinated with BCG at Birth"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Patricia L.","family":"Semple","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South 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