{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T16:12:10Z","timestamp":1788192730252,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biochemistry Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant system have been implicated in the pathophysiology of diverse disease states. The phytochemical screening and antioxidant property of fresh leaves of<jats:italic>Vitex doniana<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Mucuna pruriens<\/jats:italic>, used in the management and treatment of various diseases, were studied. The extracts (ethanol and distilled water) were screened for the presence of phytochemicals, and their inhibition of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical was used to evaluate their free radical scavenging activity. Liver levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in carbon tetrachloride- (CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) treated albino rats were also used to assess the antioxidant activity of the extracts. The animals were treated with 250\u2009mg\/kg body weight of the extracts for six consecutive days before a single dose (2.5\u2009mL\/kg body weight) of CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>. Vitamin C was used as the standard antioxidant. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, terpenoids, and flavonoids in all the extracts, while alkaloids were detected in extracts of<jats:italic>Vitex doniana<\/jats:italic>only, and cardiac glycosides occurred in extracts of<jats:italic>Mucuna pruriens<\/jats:italic>only. All the extracts inhibited DPPH radical in a concentration-dependent manner, water extract of<jats:italic>Vitex doniana<\/jats:italic>producing highest inhibition which was not significantly different (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) from vitamin C. The extracts produced a significant decrease (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) in liver MDA, while the levels of SOD and CAT significantly increased (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) relative to the positive control. These results are an indication of antioxidant potential of the extracts and may be responsible for some of the therapeutic uses of these plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/459839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,18]],"date-time":"2011-04-18T19:33:57Z","timestamp":1303155237000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Property of Leaf Extracts of<i>Vitex doniana<\/i>and<i>Mucuna pruriens<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"K. N.","family":"Agbafor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053 Abakaliki, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Nwachukwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Federal University Technology, P.M.B. 1526 Owerri, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","year":"1993"},{"key":"2","first-page":"75","volume":"67","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Science"},{"key":"3","first-page":"282","volume":"48","year":"2001","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Chemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1076\/phbi.34.5.327.13254","volume":"34","year":"1996","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy"},{"issue":"3","key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.3.491s","volume":"70","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.07.001"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(91)90192-6"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2005.07.006"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-003-3206-5"},{"key":"10","first-page":"1","volume":"10","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Technology"},{"key":"11","year":"1973"},{"key":"12","year":"1983"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0023-6438(95)80008-5","volume":"28","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lebensmittel Wissenschaft und Technologie"},{"issue":"2","key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","volume":"95","year":"1979","journal-title":"Analytical Biochemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"15","first-page":"130","volume":"21","year":"1984","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics"},{"key":"16","first-page":"673","volume-title":"Catalase","year":"1974"},{"key":"17","year":"1969"},{"key":"18","first-page":"841","volume":"12","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ethnobotanical Leaflet"},{"issue":"1","key":"19","first-page":"9","volume":"1","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research"},{"key":"20","series-title":"G. 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