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In our ethological model of extreme anxiety in the rat, forced apnea was combined with cold water vaporization in an inescapable situation. Based on the reactions of vehicle controls, behaviors involved in paroxysmic fear were passive (freezing) and active (jumping) reactions. Our results show that subchronic fluoxetine (5\u2009mg\/kg, IP, 21 days) and imipramine (10\u2009mg\/kg, IP, 14 days) administration alleviated freezing and jumping behaviors, whereas acute fluoxetine (1\u2009mg\/kg, IP) provoked opposite effects. Acute low dose of diazepam (1\u2009mg\/kg, IP) was not effective, whereas the higher dose of 3\u2009mg\/kg, IP, and clonazepam (1\u2009mg\/kg, IP) only had an effect on jumping. Paroxysmic fear generated in this experimental condition may therefore mimic the symptomatology observed in patients with anxiety disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/531435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]],"date-time":"2011-07-26T19:33:22Z","timestamp":1311708802000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Efficacy of Chronic Antidepressant Treatments in a New Model of Extreme Anxiety in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Javelot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology Department, ETAP-Applied Ethology, 54500 Vandoeuvre-l\u00e9s-Nancy, France"},{"name":"Service Pharmacie, Etablissement Public de Sant\u00e9 Alsace Nord, 67170 Brumath, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Nutrition G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux, INSERM U954, Service de Microscopie Electronique, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Nancy, UHP, 54500 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