{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:36:14Z","timestamp":1753886174798,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,25]],"date-time":"2010-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1287964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Valproic Acid (VPA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that holds promise for cancer therapy. Here, we investigate whether VPA treatment induces neuroendocrine differentiation of Prostate Cancer (PCa). A tissue microarray of VPA\u2010treated and untreated tumor xenografts and cell lines of human PCa (LNCaP, C4\u20102, DU145, and PC\u20103) were generated  and were analyzed by immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) for NE markers chromogranin A (CgA), synaptophysin, and NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule). Western blot analysis for CgA was performed to confirm the results of the TMA. IHC analysis did not reveal any induction of CgA, synaptophysin, or NCAM in any xenograft after VPA treatment <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, VPA treatment induced little synaptophysin expression in C4\u20102 and PC\u20103 cells and NCAM expression in LNCaP and PC\u20103 cells. In the case of CgA, VPA treatment decreased its expression <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> in a dose\u2010dependent manner, as determined by western blot analysis. Thus our data demonstrates that VPA does not induce NE differentiation of PCa cells in the physiologically relevant <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/607480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,25]],"date-time":"2010-10-25T19:33:27Z","timestamp":1288035207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Does Valproic Acid Induce Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Prostate Cancer?"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Abhinav","family":"Sidana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wasim H.","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antoun","family":"Toubaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shabana","family":"Shabbeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Netto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Carducci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shawn E.","family":"Lupold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,25]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-07-0324"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.16.5.569"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2007.04.007"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20587"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-0487"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","first-page":"607","article-title":"Human prostatic endocrine-paracrine (APUD) cells. 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