{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T13:35:55Z","timestamp":1772890555345,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Tropical Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It is generally accepted that the combination of both<jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>parasite and human host factors is involved in the pathogenesis of complicated severe malaria, including cerebral malaria (CM). Among parasite products, the malarial pigment haemozoin (HZ) has been shown to impair the functions of mononuclear and endothelial cells. Different CM models were associated with enhanced levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of proteolytic enzymes able to disrupt subendothelial basement membrane and tight junctions and shed, activate, or inactivate cytokines, chemokines, and other MMPs through cleavage from their precursors. Among MMPs, a good candidate for targeted therapy might be MMP-9, whose mRNA and protein expression enhancement as well as direct proenzyme activation by HZ have been recently investigated in a series of studies by our group and others. In the present paper the role of HZ and MMP-9 in complicated malaria, as well as their interactions, will be discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/628435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,26]],"date-time":"2011-05-26T19:33:08Z","timestamp":1306438388000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Haemozoin: Wedding Rings for Human Host and<i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i>Parasite in Complicated Malaria"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Mauro","family":"Prato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Genetica, Biologia e Biochimica, Facolt\u00e0 di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universit\u00e0 di Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuliana","family":"Giribaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Genetica, Biologia e Biochimica, Facolt\u00e0 di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universit\u00e0 di Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"issue":"1-2","key":"1","first-page":"57","volume":"64","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(10)60101-0"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"3","first-page":"207","volume":"64","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0624-5"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(01)01917-1"},{"issue":"5","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.51.642","volume":"51","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/367960"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.2.325"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.31.21491"},{"issue":"6","key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.69.6.851","volume":"69","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology"},{"issue":"5","key":"11","first-page":"E4","volume":"22","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurgical focus"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10409230701340019"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(98)00241-0"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0607338"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(03)00250-9"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/587943"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/429297"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700454"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280701258084"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(95)80042-5"},{"issue":"11-12","key":"21","first-page":"S175","volume":"42","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biomedica Biochimica Acta"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-03-0979"},{"issue":"10","key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6436","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.10.6436","volume":"175","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"7","key":"110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3725","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.7.3725","volume":"171","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90496-4"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001008216"},{"issue":"12","key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1993.tb00579.x","volume":"15","year":"1993","journal-title":"Parasite Immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.4.1033","volume":"176","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.4.1601-1606.1998","volume":"66","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"28","first-page":"143","volume":"50","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4066","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.6.4066","volume":"173","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.7.3939-3943.2002"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041836"},{"issue":"4","key":"32","first-page":"492","volume":"89","year":"2004","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"4","key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.51.430","volume":"51","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"2","key":"34","first-page":"85","volume":"45","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Inflammation"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-7-157"},{"issue":"11","key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4912","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00455-10","volume":"78","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(11)60003-5"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01625-05"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(98)90954-3"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464S","DOI":"10.1042\/CS103S464S","volume":"103","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"42","first-page":"153","volume":"95","year":"2004","journal-title":"Minerva Medica"},{"key":"43","volume":"2010","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of biomedicine &amp; biotechnology"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10409230290771546"},{"issue":"1","key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.1.104","volume":"55","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50563-4","volume":"267","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"44","key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10261","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00496a016","volume":"29","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07696.x"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00368-4"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(03)01405-0"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20697"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000070112.80711.3D"},{"issue":"33","key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8097","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00247a001","volume":"30","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"21","key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14967","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36561-4","volume":"269","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026043387935"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc884"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2308"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.LAB.0000098424.38003.FF"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2010.02.003"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01508.x"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2010.05454.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.57.5.774","volume":"57","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology"},{"issue":"7","key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3340","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.7.3340","volume":"161","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.25.14657"},{"issue":"2","key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.2.163","volume":"14","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genes and Development"},{"issue":"8","key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.8.2673","volume":"96","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2003.03760.x"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.09.098"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M107736200"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1205684"},{"issue":"1","key":"71","first-page":"237","volume":"61","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700251"},{"issue":"19","key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7724","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-19-07724.2001","volume":"21","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.03.014"},{"key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2003-0370OC"},{"key":"76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.09.058"},{"key":"77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.32.825"},{"key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600375"},{"key":"79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwj098"},{"key":"80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1993.1540"},{"key":"81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051342"},{"key":"82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(02)02353-X"},{"key":"83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315078"},{"key":"84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00114-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1997.tb01075.x","volume":"7","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Pathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202043480116","volume":"1","year":"2004","journal-title":"Current Neurovascular Research"},{"key":"87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.02.004"},{"key":"88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2990.1999.00188.x"},{"key":"89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-04-084582"},{"key":"90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi702260q"},{"key":"91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx8002752"},{"issue":"3","key":"92","first-page":"35","volume":"2","year":"2009","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine"},{"key":"94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)01034-5"},{"issue":"3","key":"95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021955","volume":"123","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Biochemistry"},{"key":"96"},{"key":"97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(10)60041-7"},{"key":"98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-208"},{"issue":"9","key":"99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7917","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M408852200","volume":"280","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2004.05.015"},{"key":"101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-9841-1"},{"issue":"9","key":"102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601767","volume":"90","year":"2004","journal-title":"British Journal of Cancer"},{"issue":"22","key":"103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11758","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.22.11758","volume":"94","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of United States of America"},{"key":"104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4439(93)90089-J"},{"key":"105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00117.2007"},{"key":"106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0665"},{"key":"107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2006.04.003"},{"issue":"1","key":"108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.1.475","volume":"174","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(96)00501-1"}],"container-title":["Journal of Tropical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jtm\/2011\/628435.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jtm\/2011\/628435.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jtm\/2011\/628435.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T02:46:54Z","timestamp":1686106014000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jtm\/2011\/628435\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"references-count":109,"alternative-id":["628435","628435"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/628435","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-9686","1687-9694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-9686","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-9694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}}}