{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T01:11:05Z","timestamp":1790471465923,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12 HD065257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12 HD065257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL078727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL078727"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12 HD065257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12 HD065257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL078727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL078727"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a global health concern that is associated with significant morbidity and is a major cause of infertility. Throughout history animals have been used for anatomical studies and later as models of human disease. In particular, nonhuman primates (NHPs) have permitted investigations of human disease in a biologically, physiologically, and anatomically similar system. The use of NHPs as human PID models has led to a greater understanding of the primary microorganisms that cause disease (e.g.,<jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorroheae<\/jats:italic>), the pathogenesis of infection and its complications, and the treatment of people with PID. This paper explores historical and contemporary aspects of NHP modeling of chlamydial PID, with an emphasis on advantages and limitations of this approach and future directions for this research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/675360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,17]],"date-time":"2011-08-17T19:00:33Z","timestamp":1313607633000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Nonhuman Primate Models Used to Study Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Caused by<i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Jason D.","family":"Bell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, L4510, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid L.","family":"Bergin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann 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