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A set of mechanisms specifically conceived for this scenario is proposed, including a power management API defined at the level of user-visible system components, the infrastructure necessary to implement that API (namely, battery monitoring, accounting, autosuspend, and autoresume), an energy-event propagation mechanism based on Petri nets and implemented with aspect-oriented programming techniques, and an autonomous power manager build upon the proposed API and infrastructure. These mechanisms are illustrated and evaluated using realistic wireless sensor network cases that sustain comparisons with other proposals at each of the considered levels. As a result, this paper has its main contribution on the introduction of a comprehensive and systematic way to deal with power management issues in resource-constrained, battery-operated systems. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/807091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,26]],"date-time":"2011-04-26T19:32:03Z","timestamp":1303846323000},"page":"807091","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Comprehensive Approach to Power Management in Embedded Systems"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ant\u00f4nio Augusto","family":"Fr\u00f6hlich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Software and Hardware Integration (LISHA), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florian\u00f3polis, SC, Brazil"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-2011-807091","first-page":"349","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 33rd Design Automation Conference","author":"Monteiro J."},{"key":"B2-2011-807091","first-page":"696","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, Digest of Technical Papers (ICCAD '98)","author":"Benini L."},{"key":"B3-2011-807091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019730322551"},{"key":"B4-2011-807091","volume-title":"ERTJ Multilayer Chip NTC Thermistors Datasheet","author":"Panasonic","year":"2004"},{"key":"B5-2011-807091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/990680.990705"},{"key":"B6-2011-807091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/332833.332837"},{"key":"B7-2011-807091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EFTA.2007.4416848"},{"key":"B8-2011-807091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2010.72"},{"key":"B9-2011-807091","first-page":"17","volume-title":"GI\/ITG KuVS Fachgespr\u00e4ch Systemsoftware und Energiebewusste Systeme","volume":"20","author":"Kellner S.","year":"2007"},{"key":"B10-2011-807091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2005.66"},{"key":"B11-2011-807091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1132357.1132361"},{"key":"B12-2011-807091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2009.2024706"},{"key":"B13-2011-807091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2009.2015740"},{"key":"B14-2011-807091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2008.180"},{"key":"B15-2011-807091","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0053381","volume-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming","volume":"1241","author":"Kiczales G."},{"key":"B16-2011-807091","volume-title":"Application-Oriented Operating Systems","author":"Fr\u00f6hlich A. 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