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The failure of immune-mediated clearance is due to multiple strategies adopted by<jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>that blunt the microbicidal mechanisms of infected immune cells and formation of distinct granulomatous lesions that differ in their ability to support or suppress the persistence of viable<jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>. In this paper, current understanding of various immune processes that lead to the establishment of latent<jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>infection, bacterial spreading, persistence, reactivation, and waning or elimination of latent infection as well as new diagnostic approaches being used for identification of latently infected individuals for possible control of tuberculosis epidemic are described.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/814943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,27]],"date-time":"2010-12-27T19:38:29Z","timestamp":1293478709000},"page":"1-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":197,"title":["Pathogenesis, Immunology, and Diagnosis of Latent<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>Infection"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Suhail","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. 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