{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T12:28:28Z","timestamp":1768566508873,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL098912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL098912"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Biomedical Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The highly disordered refractive index distribution in skin causes multiple scattering of incident light and limits optical imaging and therapeutic depth. We hypothesize that localized mechanical compression reduces scattering by expulsing unbound water from the dermal collagen matrix, increasing protein concentration and decreasing the number of index mismatch interfaces between tissue constituents. A swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) system was used to assess changes in thickness and group refractive index in<jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>porcine skin, as well as changes in signal intensity profile when imaging<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>human skin. Compression of<jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>porcine skin resulted in an effective strain of \u221258.5%, an increase in refractive index from 1.39 to 1.50, and a decrease in water volume fraction from 0.66 to 0.20.<jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>OCT signal intensity increased by 1.5\u2009dB at a depth of 1\u2009mm, possibly due to transport of water away from the compressed regions. These finding suggest that local compression could be used to enhance light-based diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/817250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,4]],"date-time":"2011-08-04T15:02:19Z","timestamp":1312470139000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Effect of Localized Mechanical Indentation on Skin Water Content Evaluated Using OCT"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Abhijit A.","family":"Gurjarpadhye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yajing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Rylander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2007.00269.x"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.22.001151"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/15\/9\/002"},{"issue":"1","key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12479191","volume":"77","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Investigative Dermatology"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/38\/15\/004"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/49\/3\/008"},{"issue":"22","key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3800","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.40.003800","volume":"40","year":"2001","journal-title":"Applied Optics"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1110"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2337651"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70091-7"},{"issue":"3","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000019876.96703.AE","volume":"110","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2003.813300"},{"key":"13","year":"2005"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3156827"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2907483"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2343208"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9101(1999)24:2<133::AID-LSM9>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12634.x"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/38\/15\/001"},{"issue":"7","key":"20","first-page":"4","volume":"12","year":"1982","journal-title":"Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0030400X09120042"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201000063"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20718"},{"issue":"4","key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1109\/2944.577320","volume":"2","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/68.124892"},{"issue":"4","key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1021\/j100888a006","volume":"69","year":"1965","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Chemistry"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2007.911766"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021878297002057"},{"issue":"1","key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(00)90016-1","volume":"42","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.12.000555","volume":"12","year":"1973","journal-title":"Applied Optics"},{"issue":"4","key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1021\/j100888a006","volume":"69","year":"1965","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Chemistry"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.08.005"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2009.09.0152"},{"issue":"6","key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900110614","volume":"11","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/46\/1\/312"},{"issue":"1","key":"37","first-page":"7","volume":"21","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering"},{"issue":"5","key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.41.000302","volume":"41","year":"1951","journal-title":"Journal of the Optical Society of America"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biomedical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijbi\/2011\/817250.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijbi\/2011\/817250.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijbi\/2011\/817250.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T15:44:47Z","timestamp":1560440687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijbi\/2011\/817250\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["817250","817250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/817250","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-4188","1687-4196"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-4188","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-4196","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}}}