{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T18:15:40Z","timestamp":1773771340661,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with chronic viral hepatitis display increased expression of<jats:italic>Foxp3<\/jats:italic>in liver, suggesting that Tregs expansion contributes to persistent infection. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether the expression of<jats:italic>Foxp3<\/jats:italic>relates not to the viral infection but to the resulting liver inflammation. Liver biopsies obtained from 69 individuals (26 chronic HBV hepatitis, 14 chronic HCV hepatitis, 11 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 8 autoimmune diseases, 2 methotrexate-related toxicity, and 8 controls) were examined, by qRT-PCR, for the mRNA expression of<jats:italic>Foxp3<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>IL-10<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>TGF-\u03b21<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Fas, FasL, TRAIL, caspase-3, TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3,<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>IL-1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>. Significant increase of<jats:italic>Foxp3<\/jats:italic>was observed in all disease groups compared to controls, which was positively correlated with the intensity of inflammation. The expression of the apoptosis mediators<jats:italic>Fas, FasL<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>TRAIL<\/jats:italic>, but not of<jats:italic>IL-10<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>TGF-\u03b21<\/jats:italic>, was also significantly elevated. Our findings indicate that, independently of the initial inducer, liver inflammation is correlated with elevated expression of apoptosis mediators and is followed by local Treg accumulation. Further research towards the elucidation of the underlying casual relationships is required, in order to clarify whether our results signify the existence of a uniform Treg-mediated regulatory mechanism of apoptosis-induced inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/827565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,25]],"date-time":"2011-05-25T19:33:07Z","timestamp":1306351987000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["<i>Foxp3<\/i>Expression in Liver Correlates with the Degree but Not the Cause of Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Matthaios","family":"Speletas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Biopolis 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikoletta","family":"Argentou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Biopolis 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Germanidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Themistoclis","family":"Vasiliadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Mantzoukis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalliopi","family":"Patsiaoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Hippokration Hospital, 54635 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pavlos","family":"Nikolaidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vaios","family":"Karanikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Biopolis 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Ritis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasios E.","family":"Germenis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Biopolis 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1455"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0901-816"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1428"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-04-1164"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.5.2454-2459.2004"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hep.2003.09.026"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20454"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20649"},{"issue":"1","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.1.739","volume":"177","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.03.023"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.6.3322-3328.2005"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70289-X"},{"issue":"8147","key":"14","first-page":"827","volume":"2","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00370-3"},{"issue":"12","key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6323","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.12.6323","volume":"171","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(95)80226-6"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01377.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00432479","volume":"379","year":"1978","journal-title":"Virchows Archiv"},{"issue":"12","key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1177\/003591576706001205","volume":"60","year":"1967","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262"},{"issue":"3","key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.71.3.1739-1746.1997","volume":"71","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.5.1223"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(96)80178-4"},{"issue":"5","key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.1997.00053.x","volume":"4","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Viral Hepatitis"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2000.00219.x"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006668013276"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2003.00486.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117899","volume":"95","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"4","key":"30","first-page":"363","volume":"15","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.23.14532"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm788"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00907-7"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20320"},{"issue":"4","key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.4.2160","volume":"174","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.056929"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.118059"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21846"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2008.00974.x"},{"issue":"12","key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI12568","volume":"107","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200610-1436CP"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2004.09.005"},{"issue":"3","key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.3.1013","volume":"183","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2007.10.011"},{"issue":"6","key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3232","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.6.3232","volume":"169","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200205)32:5<1282::AID-IMMU1282>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"issue":"10","key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7221","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.10.7221","volume":"181","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2007.00284.x"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2009.12.002"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200104123441506"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0497-409"}],"container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/mi\/2011\/827565.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/mi\/2011\/827565.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/mi\/2011\/827565.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T16:20:10Z","timestamp":1592583610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/mi\/2011\/827565\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["827565","827565"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/827565","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-9351","1466-1861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-9351","type":"print"},{"value":"1466-1861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}}}