{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T18:16:14Z","timestamp":1779128174337,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Tropical Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. We field tested and validated a newly developed monitoring and evaluation (M&amp;E) toolkit for indoor residual spraying to be used by the supervisors at different levels of the national kala-azar elimination programs in Bangladesh, India and Nepal.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Methods included document analysis, in-depth interviews, direct observation of spraying squads, and entomological-chemical assessments (bioassay, susceptibility test, chemical analysis of insecticide residues on sprayed surfaces, vector density measurements at baseline, and three follow-up surveys).<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. We found that the documentation at district offices was fairly complete; important shortcomings included insufficient training of spraying squads and supervisors, deficient spray equipment, poor spraying performance, lack of protective clothing, limited coverage of houses resulting in low bioavailability of the insecticide on sprayed surfaces, and reduced vector susceptibility to DDT in India, which limited the impact on vector densities.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. The M&amp;E toolkit is a useful instrument for detecting constraints in IRS operations and to trigger timely response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/876742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]],"date-time":"2011-07-27T15:00:40Z","timestamp":1311778840000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Toolkit for Monitoring and Evaluation of Indoor Residual Spraying for Visceral Leishmaniasis Control in the Indian Subcontinent: Application and Results"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"M. Mamun","family":"Huda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Sciences Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Sciences Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector Biology & Control, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Patna 800 007, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector Biology & Control, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Patna 800 007, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. N.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP), Director General and Health Services, New Delhi 110054, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murari Lal","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan 56700, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lolita","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan 56700, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chitra Kumar","family":"Gurung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Family Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University (IOM), Kathmandu 44613, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megha Raj","family":"Banjara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Family Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University (IOM), Kathmandu 44613, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shireen","family":"Akhter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narayan Prosad","family":"Maheswary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Kroeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Intelligent Vector Control Consortium, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L35QA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajib","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"},{"name":"Regional Office for South-East Asia, World Health Organization, New Delhi 110002, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","first-page":"1","volume":"79","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of India"},{"issue":"3","key":"2","first-page":"195","volume":"123","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2008.01.011"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-7-54"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136485911X12899838683124"},{"key":"10a","first-page":"265","volume":"18","year":"1925","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Entomology"},{"key":"10b","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2008.00724.x","volume":"22","year":"2008","journal-title":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology"},{"key":"12","first-page":"121","volume":"45","year":"1982","journal-title":"Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series"},{"key":"13"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000859"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2008.03.046"},{"key":"16"}],"container-title":["Journal of Tropical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jtm\/2011\/876742.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jtm\/2011\/876742.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jtm\/2011\/876742.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,19]],"date-time":"2017-06-19T23:51:06Z","timestamp":1497916266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jtm\/2011\/876742\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["876742","876742"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/876742","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-9686","1687-9694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-9686","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-9694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}}}