{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T13:11:50Z","timestamp":1696857110998},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We consider the effects introduced by hardware impairments on the estimation of the direction of arrival (DoA) deploying a multiple antenna radio system. We derive a system model from experimental measurements of a state-of-the-art hardware test bed based on an RF direct-conversion architecture. The system model includes DC offsets, carrier frequency and phase offsets, and the phase noise. Then, we propose a simple digital compensation algorithm of the impairments for bidimensional DoA estimation (azimuth and elevation) with a 3D orthogonal linear array. The robustness of the algorithm in terms of minimum-mean-squared error as a function of the hardware impairments is evaluated and compared with that achieved using the root-MUSIC algorithm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/908234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,21]],"date-time":"2011-12-21T16:01:10Z","timestamp":1324483270000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Characterization of Hardware Impairments in Multiple Antenna Systems for DoA Estimation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Daniele","family":"Inserra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica, Gestionale e Meccanica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Tonello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica, Gestionale e Meccanica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3","first-page":"276","volume":"ap-34","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/29.32276"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.340779"},{"key":"11","year":"1995"},{"key":"12","year":"1997"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2002.1006566"},{"key":"17","year":"2005"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.68174"}],"container-title":["Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jece\/2011\/908234.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jece\/2011\/908234.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jece\/2011\/908234.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]],"date-time":"2016-08-04T13:38:38Z","timestamp":1470317918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jece\/2011\/908234\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"references-count":8,"alternative-id":["908234","908234"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/908234","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-0147","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-0155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}}}