{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:50:50Z","timestamp":1753883450029,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,26]],"date-time":"2011-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1319587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":298,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Theophylline was shown to induce contracture development in porcine malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptible (MHS) skeletal muscles in vitro. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the in vivo effects of theophylline in MHS and MH normal (MHN) swine.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. MH\u2010trigger\u2010free general anesthesia was performed in MHS and MHN swine. Theophylline was administered intravenously in cumulative doses up to 93.5\u2009mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. The clinical occurrence of MH was defined by changes of central\u2010venous pCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, central\u2010venous pH, and body core temperature.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Theophylline induced comparable clinical alterations in the anesthetized MHS and MHN swine, especially in regard to hemodynamic data. No pig developed hypermetabolism and\/or MH according to defined criteria. All animals died with tachycardia followed by ventricular fibrillation.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. The cumulative theophylline doses used in this study were much higher than doses used therapeutically in humans, as demonstrated by measured blood concentrations. Theophylline is thus not a trigger of MH in genetically determined swine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/937479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,26]],"date-time":"2011-10-26T19:03:40Z","timestamp":1319655820000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Theophylline on Anesthetized Malignant Hyperthermia\u2010Susceptible Pigs"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Marko","family":"Fiege","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Weisshorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Kolodzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Wappler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark U.","family":"Gerbershagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e328337ffe0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)93052-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/87.5.794"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110355"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0120357"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/56.11.1243"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1993.tb03768.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Inhibition of phosphodiesterases","volume":"83","author":"Scholz H.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)00450-8","article-title":"Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant: a review of pharmacology and mechanisms of action","volume":"45","author":"Sawynok J.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacological Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1997.tb04820.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-814328"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1862346"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199201000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09655.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198301000-00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","article-title":"Aminophylline, halothane, and malignant hyperpyrexia in the rabbit","volume":"39","author":"LeFever G. 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