{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T13:11:22Z","timestamp":1740143482989,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Linnaeus Center CADICS and research","award":["2008-3813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008-3813"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2008-3813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008-3813"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NovaMedTech project at Link\u00f6ping University","award":["2008-3813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008-3813"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Biomedical Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of image denoising techniques is an important part of many medical imaging applications. One common application is to improve the image quality of low-dose (noisy) computed tomography (CT) data. While 3D image denoising previously has been applied to several volumes independently, there has not been much work done on true 4D image denoising, where the algorithm considers several volumes at the same time. The problem with 4D image denoising, compared to 2D and 3D denoising, is that the computational complexity increases exponentially. In this paper we describe a novel algorithm for true 4D image denoising, based on local adaptive filtering, and how to implement it on the graphics processing unit (GPU). The algorithm was applied to a 4D CT heart dataset of the resolution 512\u2009\u2009\u00d7 512\u2009\u2009\u00d7 445\u2009\u2009\u00d7 20. The result is that the GPU can complete the denoising in about 25 minutes if spatial filtering is used and in about 8 minutes if FFT-based filtering is used. The CPU implementation requires several days of processing time for spatial filtering and about 50 minutes for FFT-based filtering. The short processing time increases the clinical value of true 4D image denoising significantly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/952819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,3]],"date-time":"2011-10-03T03:53:51Z","timestamp":1317614031000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["True 4D Image Denoising on the GPU"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Anders","family":"Eklund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Informatics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Mats","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Informatics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Knutsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Informatics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1","first-page":"165","volume":"2","year":"1980","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"issue":"3","key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOM.1983.1095832","volume":"31","year":"1983","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Communications"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.56205"},{"year":"1995","key":"5"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1152","volume":"14","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(02)00184-8"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2009.935387"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39899-8_70","volume":"2878","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-010-0162-9"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2011.07.007"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/627947"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2009.06.019"},{"key":"25","first-page":"15","volume":"6","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Real-Time Image Processing"},{"issue":"4","key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2010.29.4.615","volume":"29","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine"},{"year":"2010","key":"34"},{"year":"2007","key":"37"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20820"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biomedical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijbi\/2011\/952819.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijbi\/2011\/952819.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijbi\/2011\/952819.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,20]],"date-time":"2017-06-20T03:20:30Z","timestamp":1497928830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijbi\/2011\/952819\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["952819","952819"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/952819","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-4188","1687-4196"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1687-4188"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-4196"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}}}