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GABAergic neurotransmission is fundamental for integrating and filtering incoming information and dictating postsynaptic neuronal spike timing, therefore providing a tight temporal code used by each neuron, or ensemble of neurons, to perform sophisticated computational operations. However, the heterogeneity of cortical GABAergic cells is associated to equally diverse properties governing intrinsic excitability as well as strength, dynamic range, spatial extent, anatomical localization, and molecular components of inhibitory synaptic connections that they form with pyramidal neurons. Recent studies showed that similarly to their excitatory (glutamatergic) counterparts, also inhibitory synapses can undergo activity-dependent changes in their strength. Here, some aspects related to plasticity and modulation of adult cortical and hippocampal GABAergic synaptic transmission will be reviewed, aiming at providing a fresh perspective towards the elucidation of the role played by specific cellular elements of cortical microcircuits during both physiological and pathological operations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/976856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,11]],"date-time":"2011-07-11T17:40:34Z","timestamp":1310406034000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Assortment of GABAergic Plasticity in the Cortical Interneuron Melting Pot"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Pablo","family":"M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3355-5892","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alberto","family":"Bacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00035.2008"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099745"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1149381"},{"issue":"1","key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-01-00047.1995","volume":"15","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07991"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08002"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2044"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.11.036"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.192233099"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.09.012"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2113-04.2004"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.078915"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01374"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00225-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"15","first-page":"172","volume":"1","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.12.029"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2004.05.008"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1648"},{"issue":"6056","key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1038\/319774a0","volume":"319","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1258"},{"issue":"7","key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81828-0","volume":"87","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"11","key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(02)02269-5","volume":"25","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"23","first-page":"347","volume":"6","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"issue":"8","key":"24","first-page":"2687","volume":"21","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"25","first-page":"730","volume":"60","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2010.12.020","volume":"60","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2207"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.073353"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/12.4.395"},{"key":"30"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5760-08.2009"},{"issue":"6993","key":"32","first-page":"91","volume":"524","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/1092","volume":"1","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00685-4"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/7.6.476"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2402"},{"issue":"10","key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1519","volume":"5","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. 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