{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T16:46:57Z","timestamp":1792428417469,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical and Developmental Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a cosmopolitan zoonosis caused by the larval cystic stage of the dog tapeworm<jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic>. This complex multicellular pathogen produces various antigens which modulate the host immune response and promote parasite survival and development. The recent application of modern molecular and immunological approaches has revealed novel insights on the nature of the immune responses generated during the course of a hydatid infection, although many aspects of the<jats:italic>Echinococcus<\/jats:italic>-host interplay remain unexplored. This paper summarizes recent developments in our understanding of the immunology and diagnosis of echinococcosis, indicates areas where information is lacking, and suggests possible new strategies to improve serodiagnosis for practical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/101895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,25]],"date-time":"2011-12-25T21:00:41Z","timestamp":1324846841000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Immunology and Immunodiagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis: An Update"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Wenbao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 1 Liyushan Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China"},{"name":"Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD 4029, 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