{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:08:27Z","timestamp":1790665707369,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Advances in Hematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Burkitt lymphoma is endemic in the Equatorial Belt of Africa, its molecular hallmark is an activated,<jats:italic>MYC<\/jats:italic>gene mostly due to a chromosomal translocation. Especially in its endemic clinical variant, Burkitt lymphoma is associated with the oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and holoendemic malaria acts as an amplifier. Environmental factors may also cooperate in Burkitt lymphomagenesis in the endemic regions, such as plants used as traditional herbal remedies.<jats:italic>Euphorbia tirucalli<\/jats:italic>, a plant known to possess EBV-activating substances, has a similar geographical distribution to endemic Burkitt\u2019s Lymphoma and is used as a hedge, herbal remedy and toy in the Lymphoma BeltI. In this study we aimed at determining if exposure to<jats:italic>Euphorbia tirucalli<\/jats:italic>could contribute to lymphomagenesis, and at which extent. Lymphoblastoid and cord blood-derived cell lines were treated with plant extracts, and the expression of EBV-coded proteins was checked, to assess EBV reactivation. The occurrence of chromosomal translocations was then investigated by FISH. Our preliminary results suggest that<jats:italic>E. tirucalli<\/jats:italic>is able to reactivate EBV and determine chromosomal alterations, which leads to c-MYC altered expression. The existence of genomic alterations might determine the accumulation of further genetic alteration, which could eventually lead to a transformed phenotype.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/149780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,25]],"date-time":"2012-04-25T00:15:02Z","timestamp":1335312902000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["EBV Reactivation and Chromosomal Polysomies:<i>Euphorbia tirucalli<\/i>as a Possible Cofactor in Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Susanna","family":"Mannucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Luzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, 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