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We performed an immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of stemness markers (Oct3\/4 and CD44v6) and COX-2 in urinary bladder tissues obtained from cystitis and cancer patients with and without<jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>infections. Immunoreactivity to Oct3\/4 was significantly higher in<jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>-associated cystitis and cancer tissues than in normal tissues. CD44v6 expression was significantly higher in bladder cancer without<jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>than in normal tissues. COX-2 was located in the cytoplasmic membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus of the cancer cells. Interestingly, the nuclear localization of COX-2, which was reported to function as a transcription factor, was significantly associated with the upregulation of Oct3\/4 and CD44v6 in bladder cancer tissues with and without<jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>infection, respectively. 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