{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:46:40Z","timestamp":1787017600623,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Background\/Aim<\/jats:italic>\n                    . To identify the etiological role of\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Hp<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in endoscopically diagnosed duodenal ulcers (DUs).\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy in two major hospitals in Antalya and Adiyaman were included in this study and assigned as duodenal ulcer (\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                      <mml:mrow>\n                        <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                        <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                        <mml:mn>152<\/mml:mn>\n                      <\/mml:mrow>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ; median age: 41.0 (16\u201371) years; 58.6% males) or control group (\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                      <mml:mrow>\n                        <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                        <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                        <mml:mn>70<\/mml:mn>\n                      <\/mml:mrow>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ; median age: 41.0 (18\u201368) years; 57.1% males). Patient demographics, risk factors, and NSAID\/acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) use were recorded.\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>HP<\/jats:italic>\n                    was more commonly located in the corpus (75.0 versus 50.0%; odds ratio [OR] = 3.00; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.66\u20135.44;\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                      <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ), incisura (75.7 versus 60.0%;\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                      <mml:mtext>OR<\/mml:mtext>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>2.07<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ; 95% CI: 1.13\u20133.79;\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                      <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.017<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ), and antrum (80.3 versus 60.0%;\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                      <mml:mtext>OR<\/mml:mtext>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>2.71<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ; 95% CI: 1.45\u20135.05;\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                      <mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ) among DU patients than controls.\n                    <jats:italic>Hp<\/jats:italic>\n                    positivity was 84.9% while\n                    <jats:italic>Hp<\/jats:italic>\n                    was negative in 15.1% of patients including those accompanied with NSAID and\/or ASA use (9.2%), and those were negative for all three etiological factors (5.9%).\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our findings indicate the substantial role of\n                    <jats:italic>Hp<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the pathogenesis of DU disease as identified in 84.9% of DU patients compatible with the background prevalence of 61.4% among age-matched control subjects.\n                    <jats:italic>Hp<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the single causative factor in 44.1% of our patients, while NSAID\/ASA exposure was in 9.2%.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/189373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,26]],"date-time":"2012-09-26T03:40:52Z","timestamp":1348630852000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Role of\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    and NSAIDs in the Pathogenesis of Uncomplicated Duodenal Ulcer"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Ayhan Hilmi","family":"Cekin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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