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Current translational research into MM focuses on the development of combination therapies directed against molecularly defined targets and that are aimed at achieving durable clinical responses. MM cells have a unique ability to evade immunosurveillance through several mechanisms including, among others, expansion of regulatory T cells (Treg), reduced T-cell cytotoxic activity and responsiveness to IL-2, defects in B-cell immunity, and induction of dendritic cell (DC) dysfunction. Immune defects could be a major cause of failure of the recent immunotherapy trials in MM. This article summarizes our current knowledge on the molecular determinants of immune evasion in patients with MM and highlights how these pathways can be targeted to improve patients\u2019 clinical outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/196063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,11]],"date-time":"2012-04-11T21:01:01Z","timestamp":1334178061000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Targeting Multiple-Myeloma-Induced Immune Dysfunction to Improve Immunotherapy Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Sergio","family":"Rutella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Catholic University Medical School, 00168 Rome, 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