{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:49:56Z","timestamp":1789386596457,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parkinson's Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD) has traditionally been characterized by its cardinal motor symptoms of bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability. However, PD is increasingly being recognized as a multidimensional disease associated with myriad nonmotor symptoms including autonomic dysfunction, mood disorders, cognitive impairment, pain, gastrointestinal disturbance, impaired olfaction, psychosis, and sleep disorders. Sleep disturbances, which include sleep fragmentation, daytime somnolence, sleep-disordered breathing, restless legs syndrome (RLS), nightmares, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), are estimated to occur in 60% to 98% of patients with PD. For years nonmotor symptoms received little attention from clinicians and researchers, but now these symptoms are known to be significant predictors of morbidity in determining quality of life, costs of disease, and rates of institutionalization. A discussion of the clinical aspects, pathophysiology, evaluation techniques, and treatment options for the sleep disorders that are encountered with PD is presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/205471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,30]],"date-time":"2012-12-30T16:04:00Z","timestamp":1356883440000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Parkinson's Disease and Sleep\/Wake Disturbances"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8563-6929","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Todd J.","family":"Swick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas School of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Apnix Sleep Disorders Centers, Houston, TX, USA"},{"name":"The Sleep Center at North Cypress Medical Center, Cypress, TX, USA"},{"name":"Neurology and Sleep Medicine Consultants, 7500 San Felipe, Suite 525, Houston, TX 77063, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22643"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21586"},{"issue":"6","key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130606","volume":"13","year":"1998","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-198812000-00004","volume":"11","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1098-3597(04)90013-0"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2003.11.006"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1099"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(01)00015-3"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10010"},{"issue":"8","key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb06891.x","volume":"48","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.3.408","volume":"59","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.3.308","volume":"69","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10507"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10262"},{"issue":"1","key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.60.1.87","volume":"60","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"16","year":"1817"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.08.021"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"19","first-page":"455","volume":"1","year":"1949","journal-title":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-08-02541.1990","volume":"10","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn895","volume":"3","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5259.225"},{"issue":"1","key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902160106","volume":"216","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"24","first-page":"811","volume":"27","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/SLEEP.1112"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(98)00084-7"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1990.tb16870.x","volume":"600","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"28","first-page":"157","volume":"27","year":"1969","journal-title":"Experimental Medicine and Surgery"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01993148","volume":"33","year":"1991","journal-title":"Agents and Actions"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00932-3"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.1.322"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80949-6"},{"issue":"16","key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3423","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200011090-00004","volume":"11","year":"2000","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00319-0"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(00)01594-0"},{"issue":"5","key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.85.5.2008","volume":"85","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"38","first-page":"1","volume":"2","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"issue":"5246","key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5246.216","volume":"271","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.056622"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00631-3"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.02.075"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.023085"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07295.x"},{"key":"45","year":"2005"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm056"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02861.x"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(82)90835-6"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq379"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl363"},{"issue":"2","key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.2.388","volume":"46","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181ec7fac"},{"issue":"3","key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(98)00504-7","volume":"251","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"issue":"3","key":"54","first-page":"349","volume":"28","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10269"},{"issue":"1","key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S1087-0792(97)90006-X","volume":"1","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine Reviews"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(96)00070-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.4.585","volume":"59","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"59","volume-title":"Dementia with lewy bodies","year":"2004"},{"issue":"4","key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.4.1094","volume":"48","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000183056.89590.0d"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.5.584"},{"issue":"6","key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(199911)14:6<922::AID-MDS1003>3.0.CO;2-7","volume":"14","year":"1999","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11539720-000000000-00000"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(03)00105-9"},{"issue":"7","key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.7.1019","volume":"58","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.5.967","volume":"27","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.01.001"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm222"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.1.127"},{"key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm097"},{"issue":"9","key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.9.1908","volume":"52","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200007)15:4<658::AID-MDS1009>3.0.CO;2-N","volume":"15","year":"2000","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.20.7.724.35181","volume":"20","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02119-X"},{"issue":"9212","key":"76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02118-8","volume":"355","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.4.455","volume":"287","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2004.00971.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"79","first-page":"49","volume":"1","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sleep Research Online"},{"issue":"5","key":"80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-05-01787.2001","volume":"21","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.103.053918"},{"issue":"8, supplement 3","key":"82","first-page":"S2","volume":"63","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00443-9"},{"issue":"9","key":"84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.9.1663","volume":"42","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-008-0026-x"},{"key":"86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31823a0cc8"},{"key":"87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31823a0f0f"},{"issue":"4","key":"88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.4.733","volume":"123","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20582"},{"key":"90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410340514"},{"issue":"2","key":"91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.2.281","volume":"55","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000038351.32678.4A","volume":"59","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1177\/089198870201500307","volume":"15","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology"},{"key":"94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(03)00188-4"},{"key":"95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20624"},{"key":"96","first-page":"39","volume":"91","year":"2003","journal-title":"Advances in Neurology"},{"key":"97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.9.1223"},{"key":"98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600599"},{"key":"99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm239"},{"key":"100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240100665"},{"key":"101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100720300035"},{"key":"102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-010-0362-3"},{"issue":"2","key":"103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","volume":"28","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"104","volume-title":"Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale","year":"1987"},{"key":"105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.73.6.629"},{"issue":"8","key":"106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.8.1049","volume":"26","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22110"},{"key":"108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22340"},{"key":"109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21596"},{"key":"110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c0d416"},{"key":"111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23190"},{"key":"112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2005.02.006"},{"key":"113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23476"},{"key":"114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22731"},{"key":"115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23441"},{"issue":"2","key":"116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1989.69.2.605","volume":"69","year":"1989","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"key":"117","year":"1999"},{"issue":"2","key":"118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.2.117","volume":"26","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"119","volume-title":"The investigation of sleepiness","year":"2006"},{"key":"120","volume-title":"Management of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/18.4.285","volume":"18","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00801.x","volume":"10","year":"1973","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","volume":"14","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"8","key":"124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/17.8.703","volume":"17","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.1.125","volume":"52","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"126","first-page":"289","volume":"130","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"127","first-page":"200","volume":"6","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of Sleep Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/16.3.226","volume":"16","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.1.113","volume":"28","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"8","key":"130","first-page":"620","volume":"20","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0614-5"},{"key":"132","first-page":"S6","volume":"159","year":"2003","journal-title":"Revue Neurologique"},{"key":"133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.1.97"},{"issue":"8","key":"134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000158652.74601.48","volume":"64","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00529-5"},{"key":"136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000233926.47469.73"},{"key":"137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.2001.00854.x"},{"key":"138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(03)00072-8"},{"key":"139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110216"},{"issue":"10","key":"140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.61.10.1418","volume":"61","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"141","first-page":"33","volume":"16","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"6","key":"142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.6.870","volume":"55","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-002-0027-0","volume":"2","year":"2002","journal-title":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.2.317","volume":"27","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285610378059"},{"key":"146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2009.02159.x"},{"key":"147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2004.00403.x"},{"key":"148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2005.04.004"},{"issue":"4","key":"149","first-page":"301","volume":"57","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain and Nerve"},{"key":"150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.1468"},{"key":"151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.065870"},{"key":"152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.65.10.1337"}],"container-title":["Parkinson's Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/pd\/2012\/205471.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/pd\/2012\/205471.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/pd\/2012\/205471.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,7]],"date-time":"2019-07-07T14:30:37Z","timestamp":1562509837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/pd\/2012\/205471\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":151,"alternative-id":["205471","205471"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/205471","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-8083","2042-0080"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-8083","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-0080","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}