{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T09:26:42Z","timestamp":1758274002157,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000765","name":"University College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Loss of visual function differs between immune-mediated optic neuropathies and is related to axonal loss in the optic nerve. This study investigated the diagnostic and prognostic value of a biomarker for neurodegeneration, the neurofilament heavy chain (NfH) in three immune-mediated optic neuropathies.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. A prospective, longitudinal study including patients with optic neuritis due to multiple sclerosis (MSON,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>20<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuritis (CRION,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>19<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), neuromyelitis optica (NMO,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>9<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and healthy controls (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>28<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Serum NfH-SMI35 levels were quantified by ELISA.<jats:italic>Findings<\/jats:italic>. Serum NfH-SMI35 levels were highest in patients with NMO (mean<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mtext>0<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>.79<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mtext>1<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>.51<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:math>\u2009ng\/mL) compared to patients with CRION (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mn>0.13<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.16<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\u2009ng\/mL,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.007<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), MSON (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mtext>0<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>.09<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mtext>0<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>.09<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.008<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>), and healthy controls (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\"><mml:mtext>0<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>.01<\/mml:mtext><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mtext>0<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>.02<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:math>\u2009ng\/mL,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M11\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). High serum NfH-SMI35 levels were related to poor visual outcome.<jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. Blood NfH-SMI35 levels are of moderate diagnostic and more important prognostic value in immune-mediated optic neuropathies. We speculate that longitudinal blood NfH levels may help to identify particular disabling events in relapsing conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/217802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,17]],"date-time":"2012-12-17T16:20:36Z","timestamp":1355761236000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Neurofilament Heavy Chain Levels in Immune-Mediated Optic Neuropathies"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Axel","family":"Petzold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London WC1N 3BG, UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Medisch Centrum (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordon T.","family":"Plant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London (UCL), London WC1N 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.03.015"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/767083"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/315406"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq360"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/135248506ms1263oa"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000256820.26489.17"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.196550"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e2414b"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.017236"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.043315"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/542691"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg045"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70216-8"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.7.994"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-010-1344-7"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000216139.44259.74"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.146894"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(03)00189-3"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17551-X"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.166207"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.07.011"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn240"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11244"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.986497"},{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2007.0488"},{"issue":"157, article 157le8","key":"30","volume":"4","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science Translational Medicine"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.12"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-011-0553-8"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-009-9976-x"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2010.11.026"},{"key":"4"},{"issue":"10","key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000094315.19931.90","volume":"61","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318248dec1"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/msi\/2012\/217802.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/msi\/2012\/217802.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/msi\/2012\/217802.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T00:17:52Z","timestamp":1498004272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/msi\/2012\/217802\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["217802","217802"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/217802","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-2654","2090-2662"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2090-2654"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2090-2662"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}