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As PBC is a granulomatous disease and<jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>is the most frequent cause of granulomata, a causal relation between tuberculosis and PBC has been suggested. Attempts to find serological evidence of PBC-specific autoantibodies such as AMA have been made and, conversely, granulomatous livers from patients with PBC have been investigated for molecular evidence of<jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>. This paper discusses in detail the reported data in support or against an association between<jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>infection and PBC. We discuss the immunological and microbiological data exploring the association of PBC with exposure to<jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>. We also discuss the findings of large epidemiologic studies investigating the association of PBC with preexistent or concomitant disorders and the relevance of these findings with tuberculosis. Genome-wide association studies in patients with tuberculosis as well as in patients with PBC provide conclusive hints regarding the assumed association between exposure to this mycobacterium and the induction of PBC. Analysis of these data suggest that<jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>is an unlikely infectious trigger of PBC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/218183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,30]],"date-time":"2012-10-30T17:11:08Z","timestamp":1351617068000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tuberculosis Is Not a Risk Factor for Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: A Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Smyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Liver Studies, King\u2019s College Hospital and Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, School of Medicine, King\u2019s College London, London SE5 9RS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios P.","family":"Bogdanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Liver Studies, King\u2019s College Hospital and Division of 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