{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:37:48Z","timestamp":1753886268861,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,5]],"date-time":"2012-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":95,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004956","name":"Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004956","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Austrian Research Promotion Agency"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The IEEE 802.15.4a standard for wireless sensor networks is designed for high\u2010accuracy ranging using ultra\u2010wideband (UWB) signals. It supports coherent and noncoherent (energy detector) receivers, thus the performance\u2010complexity\u2010tradeoff can be decided by the implementer. In this paper, the maximum operating range and the maximum allowed pathloss are analyzed for ranging and both receiver types, under FCC\/CEPT regulations. The analysis is based on the receiver working points and a link budget calculation assuming a frees\u2010pace pathloss model. It takes into consideration the parameters of the preamble, which influence the transmit power allowed by the regulators. The best performance is achieved with the code sequences having the longest pulse spacing. Coherent receivers can achieve a maximum operating range up to several thousand meters and energy detectors up to several hundred meters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/218930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,5]],"date-time":"2012-04-05T21:08:52Z","timestamp":1333660132000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ranging Performance of the IEEE 802.15.4a UWB Standard under FCC\/CEPT Regulations"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Gigl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Troesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Preishuber-Pfluegl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Witrisal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HarmerD. 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Ranging mechanism preamble generation and performance with IEEE 802.15.4a low-rate low-power UWB systems Proceedings of the IEEE 9th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications (ISSSTA \u203206) August 2006 bra 430\u2013434 2-s2.0-46149117307 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISSSTA.2006.311808.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSSTA.2006.311808"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WeisenhornM.andHirtW. Robust noncoherent receiver exploitingUWB channel properties Proceedings of the International Workshop on Ultra Wideband Systems Joint with Conference on Ultrawideband Systems and Technologies (Joint UWBSTIWUWBS \u203204) 2004 156\u2013160.","DOI":"10.1109\/UWBST.2004.1320955"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2009.932617"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2010.07.090465"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","unstructured":"GiglT. Low-complexity localization using standard-compliant UWB signals Ph.D. thesis 2010 Graz University of Technology Graz Austria."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GiglT. Preishuber-PflueglJ. andWitrisalK. Statistical analysis of a UWB energy detector for ranging in IEEE 802.15.4a Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB \u203209) September 2009 129\u2013134 2-s2.0-71949110147 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICUWB.2009.5288684.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUWB.2009.5288684"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","first-page":"249","article-title":"Experimental characterization of system parameters for ranging in IEEE 802.15.4a using energy detectors","volume":"18","author":"Geiger B.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radioengineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","unstructured":"TroeschF. Novel low duty cycle schemes: from ultra wide bandto ultra low power Ph.D. thesis 2010 ETH Zurich."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","unstructured":"FCC Revision of part 15 of the commission\u2032s rules regarding ultra-widebandtransmission systems First Report and Order ET-Docket 2002 no. 98-153 FCC 02-28 Std. FCC."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","unstructured":"EC Commission Decision of 21 April 2009: amending Decision2007\/131\/EC on allowing the use of the radio spectrum for equipmentusing ultra-wideband technology in a harmonised manner in thecommunity Official Journal of the European Union L105\/9 Std. April 2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GiglT. Preishuber-PflueglJ. ArnitzD. andWitrisalK. 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