{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:35:11Z","timestamp":1773664511121,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006988","name":"John S. Dunn Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LS01-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LS01-21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006988","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006988","name":"John S. Dunn Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA-16672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA-16672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006988","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LS01-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LS01-21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA-16672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA-16672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"We have developed ethylenedicysteine-glucosamine (ECG) as an alternative to18<\/jats:sup>F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG) for cancer imaging. ECG localizes in the nuclear components of cells via the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. This study was to evaluate the feasibility of imaging mesothelioma withT<\/mml:mtext>99m<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow>c<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:math>-ECG andG<\/mml:mtext>68<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow>a<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>-ECG. ECG was synthesized from thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid and 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-amino-D-glucopyranose, followed by reduction in sodium and liquid ammonia to yield ECG (52%). ECG was chelated withT<\/mml:mtext>99m<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow>c<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:math>\/tin (II) andG<\/mml:mtext>68<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow>a<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>\/69<\/jats:sup>Ga chloride forin vitro<\/jats:italic>andin vivo<\/jats:italic>studies in mesothelioma. The highest tumor uptake ofT<\/mml:mtext>99m<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow>c<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:math>-ECG is 0.47 at 30\u2009min post injection, and declined to 0.08 at 240\u2009min post injection. Tumor uptake (%ID\/g), tumor\/lung, tumor\/blood, and tumor\/muscle count density ratios forT<\/mml:mtext>99m<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow>c<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:math>-ECG (30\u2013240\u2009min) were0.47<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.06<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>to0.08<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>;0.71<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.07<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>to0.85<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.04<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>;0.47<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.03<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>to0.51<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.01<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, and3.49<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.24<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>to5.06<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.25<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>; forG<\/mml:mtext>68<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow>a<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>-ECG (15\u201360\u2009min) were0.70<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.06<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>to0.92<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.08<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>;0.64<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>to1.15<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.08<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>;0.42<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.03<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>to0.67<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.07<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, and3.84<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.52<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>to7.00<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>1.42<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>; for18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG (30\u2013180\u2009min) were1.86<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.22<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>to1.38<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.35<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>;3.18<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.44<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>to2.92<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.34<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>,4.19<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.44<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>to19.41<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>2.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>and5.75<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>2.55<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>to3.33<\/mml:mn>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>0.65<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>, respectively. Tumor could be clearly visualized withT<\/mml:mtext>99m<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow>c<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:math>-ECG andG<\/mml:mtext>68<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow>a<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>-ECG in mesothelioma-bearing rats.T<\/mml:mtext>99m<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow>c<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:math>-ECG andG<\/mml:mtext>68<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow>a<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>-ECG showed increased uptake in mesothelioma, suggesting they may be useful in diagnosing mesothelioma and also monitoring therapeutic response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/232863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,8]],"date-time":"2012-05-08T21:02:56Z","timestamp":1336510976000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Molecular Imaging of Mesothelioma withT<\/mml:mtext>99m<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow>c<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>-ECG andG<\/mml:mtext>68<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow>a<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>-ECG"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Yin-Han","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, P.O. Box 59, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerry","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, P.O. Box 59, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan-Lin","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, P.O. Box 59, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Fang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, P.O. Box 59, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, P.O. Box 59, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Edmund Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, P.O. Box 59, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, P.O. Box 59, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-008-9151-x"},{"issue":"5","key":"2","first-page":"885","volume":"47","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00333.2005","volume":"290","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi020685a"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-8051(00)00162-1"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-8051(99)00092-X"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018836911013"},{"issue":"1","key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1089\/108497801750096087","volume":"16","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"2","key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1089\/108497802753773856","volume":"17","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001813-200301000-00007"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2262011811"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000062902.94892.F5"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001813-200403000-00010"},{"issue":"4","key":"14","first-page":"444","volume":"19","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharm"},{"issue":"10","key":"15","first-page":"1683","volume":"45","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-005-6157-8"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2006.01.007"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-06-0188"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2008.01.012"},{"issue":"2","key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9896(2000)9999:9999<::AID-PATH772>3.0.CO;2-T","volume":"193","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2007.07.021"},{"issue":"6","key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2011.04.106","volume":"92","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Annals of Thoracic Surgery"},{"issue":"8","key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4706","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)67706-9","volume":"266","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607104028005364","volume":"28","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1058714"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-009-1135-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2012\/232863.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2012\/232863.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2012\/232863.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,15]],"date-time":"2022-01-15T05:44:04Z","timestamp":1642225444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2012\/232863\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["232863","232863"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/232863","relation":{},"ISSN":["1110-7243","1110-7251"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1110-7243","type":"print"},{"value":"1110-7251","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}