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It is a significant medical and socioeconomic problem contributing to mortality of multiple diseases including myocardial infarction, stroke, renal failure, and peripheral vascular disease. Morbidity and mortality of vascular disease are expected to worsen with the increasing number of patients with comorbid conditions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus type 2. Vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, and allograft vasculopathy are recognized to be driven by inflammation, and as such, cytokines which mediate inflammation not only represent important targets of rational therapy, but also can be considered as possible therapeutic modalities themselves. In this paper, we will examine the role of inflammatory cytokines and lymphocyte<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mtext>T<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>h<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>1\/<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mtext>T<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>h<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>2 polarity in vascular inflammation, with a focus on atherosclerotic vascular disease. We will then introduce a recently described<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mtext>T<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>h<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>2 interleukin, interleukin-19 (IL-19), as a previously unrecognized mediator of vascular inflammatory disorders. We will review our current understanding of this interleukin in health and disease and present the possibility that IL-19 could represent a potential therapeutic to combat vascular inflammatory disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/253583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,15]],"date-time":"2012-07-15T17:03:12Z","timestamp":1342371792000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Interleukin-19 in Vascular Disease"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Ross N.","family":"England","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael V.","family":"Autieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research 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