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However, numerous studies have demonstrated a major role of \u201cdiploid-polyploid conversion\u201d during physiopathological processes in several tissues. In the liver parenchyma, progressive polyploidization of hepatocytes takes place during postnatal growth. Indeed, at the suckling-weaning transition, cytokinesis failure events induce the genesis of binucleated tetraploid liver cells. Insulin signalling, through regulation of the PI3K\/Akt signalling pathway, is essential in the establishment of liver tetraploidization by controlling cytoskeletal organisation and consequently mitosis progression. Liver cell polyploidy is generally considered to indicate terminal differentiation and senescence, and both lead to a progressive loss of cell pluripotency associated to a markedly decreased replication capacity. Although adult liver is a quiescent organ, it retains a capacity to proliferate and to modulate its ploidy in response to various stimuli or aggression (partial hepatectomy, metabolic overload (i.e., high copper and iron hepatic levels), oxidative stress, toxic insult, and chronic hepatitis etc.). Here we review the mechanisms and functional consequences of hepatocytes polyploidization during normal and pathological liver growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/282430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,22]],"date-time":"2012-10-22T21:05:39Z","timestamp":1350939939000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Hepatocytes Polyploidization and Cell Cycle Control in Liver Physiopathology"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"G\u00e9raldine","family":"Gentric","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cell Cycle, Regeneration and Liver Diseases, EMC Department, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France"},{"name":"CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, 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