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Low leptin levels are responsible for the compensatory increase in appetite and body weight and decreased energy expenditure (EE) following caloric deprivation. The anorexia-cachexia syndrome is a complication of many chronic conditions including cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and aging, where the decrease in body weight and food intake is not followed by a compensatory increase in appetite or decreased EE. Crosstalk between leptin and inflammatory signaling known to be activated in these conditions may be responsible for this paradox. This manuscript will review the evidence and potential mechanisms mediating changes in the leptin pathway in the setting of anorexia and cachexia associated with chronic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/287457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,8]],"date-time":"2012-02-08T21:01:27Z","timestamp":1328734887000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Leptin in Anorexia and Cachexia Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Diana R.","family":"Engineer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Boulevored, Building 109, Room 210, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, St Luke\u2019s Episcopal Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, 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