{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T05:36:55Z","timestamp":1757309815242},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Studies of the response of the immune system to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) during primary infection have shown that a subpopulation of<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>CD<\/mml:mtext><mml:msup><mml:mn>8<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>T-cells with an activated phenotype and reduced expression of the CD8<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u03b2<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>chain (denoted CD8<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>\u03b2<\/mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>low<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>T cells) expands to reach up to 80% of the total<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>CD<\/mml:mtext><mml:msup><mml:mn>8<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>T cell count. The expansion of this subpopulation is considered to be a signature of FIV and an indicator of immune system alteration. We use a simple mathematical formalism to study the relationships over time between the dose of infection, the size of the CD8<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>\u03b2<\/mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>low<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>population, and the circulating viral load in cats infected with FIV. Viremia profiles are described using a combination of two exponential laws, whereas the CD8<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>\u03b2<\/mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>low<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>percentage (out of the total<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>CD<\/mml:mtext><mml:msup><mml:mn>8<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>population) is represented by a Gompertz law including an expansion phase and a saturation phase. Model parameters are estimated with a population approach using data from 102 experimentally infected cats. We examine the dose of infection as a potential covariate of parameters. We find that the rates of increase of viral load and of CD8<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>\u03b2<\/mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>low<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>percentage are both correlated with the dose of infection. Cats that develop strong acute viremia also show the largest degree of CD8<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>\u03b2<\/mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>low<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>expansion. The two simple models are robust tools for analysing the time course of CD8<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>\u03b2<\/mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>low<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>percentage and circulating viral load in FIV-infected cats and may be useful for generating new insights on the disease and on the design of therapeutic strategies, potentially applicable to HIV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/342602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,26]],"date-time":"2012-09-26T07:41:42Z","timestamp":1348645302000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Time-Course Analysis of Main Markers of Primary Infection in Cats with the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Ribba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INRIA, Project-team NUMED, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, 46 all\u00e9e d\u2019Italie, 69007 Lyon Cedex 07, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"El Garch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discovery Research, Merial SAS, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Brunet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discovery Research, Merial SAS, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Grenier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRIA, Project-team NUMED, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, 46 all\u00e9e d\u2019Italie, 69007 Lyon Cedex 07, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Castiglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Computing Applications \u201cM. Picone\u201d, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Poulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discovery Research, Merial SAS, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Vanhems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d'Hygi\u00e8ne, Epid\u00e9miologie et Pr\u00e9vention, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Lyon I, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon I, 69000 Villeurbanne, France"},{"name":"Equipe Epid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 Publique, Laboratoire de Biom\u00e9trie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69310 Lyon cedex, 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