{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:01:07Z","timestamp":1791849667991,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Current guidelines recommend that all cirrhotic patients should undergo screening endoscopy at diagnosis to identify patients with varices at high risk of bleeding who will benefit from primary prophylaxis. This approach places a heavy burden upon endoscopy units and the repeated testing over time may have a detrimental effect on patient compliance. Noninvasive identification of patients at highest risk for oesophageal varices would limit investigation to those most likely to benefit. Upper GI endoscopy is deemed to be the gold standard against which all other tests are compared, but is not without its limitations. Multiple studies have been performed assessing clinical signs and variables relating to liver function, variables relating to liver fibrosis, and also to portal hypertension and hypersplenism. Whilst some tests are clearly preferable to patients, none appear to be as accurate as upper GI endoscopy in the diagnosis of oesophageal varices. The search for noninvasive tests continues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/343591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,14]],"date-time":"2012-03-14T21:02:17Z","timestamp":1331758937000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Towards Noninvasive Detection of Oesophageal Varices"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Kara","family":"Rye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3NE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3NE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerri","family":"Mortimore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3NE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Lawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3NE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3NE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3NE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"98","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21907","volume":"46","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00420-8"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198810133191505","volume":"319","year":"1988","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(81)90144-X","volume":"80","year":"1981","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-195501000-00002","volume":"141","year":"1955","journal-title":"Annals of Surgery"},{"issue":"10","key":"6","first-page":"1239","volume":"84","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e32830280c7"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07294.x"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.5.682"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20339"},{"issue":"4","key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007133","volume":"19","year":"1999","journal-title":"Seminars in Liver Disease"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.05.009"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840110302","volume":"11","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"15","first-page":"1189","volume":"99","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200309000-00004"},{"key":"17","first-page":"360A","volume":"26","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01826.x"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80288-8"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9270(99)00598-5"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9270(99)00599-7"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21046"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2011.04.003"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(96)80239-X"},{"issue":"16","key":"25","first-page":"1200","volume":"44","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepato-Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(88)90383-X","volume":"174","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.2044"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04258-6"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-7-40"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00625-1"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.02.010"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2005.01227.x"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21941"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-008-9077-y"},{"issue":"3","key":"35","first-page":"907","volume":"32","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-9-21"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.8.1200"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00874.x"},{"issue":"10","key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/287274","volume":"22","year":"2008","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0367-y"},{"issue":"4","key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31745-4","volume":"8","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of Hepatology"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181a745ff"},{"issue":"1","key":"43","first-page":"1","volume":"56","year":"2010","journal-title":"Minerva Gastroenterologica e Dietologica"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000225669.84099.04"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2006.01304.x"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23432"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.08.018"},{"issue":"40","key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5331","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i40.5331","volume":"13","year":"2007","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.111302"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.11.020"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2006.00811.x"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22007"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22056"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.04.006"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21665"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03701.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.3350\/kjhep.2008.14.3.342","volume":"14","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Korean Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2010.06325.x"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.3504"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300101050"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.21410"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.22342"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.31308"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22219"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2423050784"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.05.1737"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22449"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22227"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.4480"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-921189"},{"key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.10.022"},{"key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.66"},{"key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1272-8"},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-924975"},{"key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.1254"},{"issue":"1","key":"76","first-page":"1","volume":"57","year":"2011","journal-title":"Minerva Gastroenterologica e Dietologica"},{"key":"77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41037.x"},{"key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181a7ed09"},{"key":"79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2007.02.048"},{"issue":"10","key":"80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI102813","volume":"32","year":"1953","journal-title":"The Journal of clinical investigation"},{"issue":"2","key":"81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1994.tb01235.x","volume":"9","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.235473"},{"issue":"4","key":"83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine1962.30.318","volume":"30","year":"1991","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"107-108","key":"84","first-page":"909","volume":"58","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepato-Gastroenterology"},{"key":"85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(98)00067-4"},{"key":"86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.041764"},{"key":"87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03427.x"},{"key":"88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7604","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i47.7604","volume":"12","year":"2006","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)06020-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.31040","volume":"122","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.03.019"},{"key":"92","first-page":"G2453","volume":"284","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology, Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"},{"key":"93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.234542","volume":"60","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijh\/2012\/343591.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijh\/2012\/343591.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijh\/2012\/343591.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]],"date-time":"2020-07-04T06:09:21Z","timestamp":1593842961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ijh\/2012\/343591\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":92,"alternative-id":["343591","343591"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/343591","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-3448","2090-3456"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-3448","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-3456","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}