{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:47:40Z","timestamp":1787017660596,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical and Developmental Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Chagas' disease is caused by the protozoan parasite\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The immune system plays an important role in the reduction of parasite load, but may also contribute to the development of lesions observed during the chronic phase of the disease. We analyzed cytokines produced by inflammatory heart cells in 21 autopsy samples obtained from patients with Chagas' disease divided according to the presence or absence of heart failure (HF). Left ventricular sections were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against human IL-4, IFN-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    , TGF-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , TNF-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and NOS2.\n                    <jats:italic>In situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA expression was quantified by a Low Density Array. The number of IFN-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    -positive cells was significantly higher than IL-4 positive cells. TNF-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , TGF-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and NOS2 were detected in 65%, 62% and 94% of samples respectively. There was an association between TNF-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -producing cells and the presence of HF. Subjects with HF presented higher levels of STAT4 mRNA, whereas FoxP3 and STAT6 levels were similar in the two groups. A Th1 cytokine pattern predominated in the cardiac inflammatory cell infiltrate of Chagas\u2019 disease patients associated with HF. High degree of fibrosis was associated with low NOS2 expression. These results support the idea that Th1 immune responses are involved in heart lesions of Chagas' disease patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/361730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,3]],"date-time":"2012-07-03T17:01:37Z","timestamp":1341334897000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["<i>In Situ<\/i>\n                    Expression of Regulatory Cytokines by Heart Inflammatory Cells in Chagas' Disease Patients with Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Denise Bertulucci Rocha","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro, 38125-180 Uberaba, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Imunologia e Patologia, University of Uberaba, 38055-500 Uberaba, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlene Antonia","family":"dos 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