{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T07:47:02Z","timestamp":1790408822321,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Bamako"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007875","name":"Tulane University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007875","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Tropical Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. We performed 2 cross-sectional studies in M\u00e9naka in the Northeastern Mali across 9 sites in different ecological settings: 4 sites have permanent ponds, 4 without ponds, and one (City of M\u00e9naka) has a semipermanent pond. We enrolled 1328 subjects in May 2004 (hot dry season) and 1422 in February 2005 (cold dry season) after the rainy season.<jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>To examine the seasonality of malaria parasite prevalence in this dry northern part of Mali at the edge of the Sahara desert.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Slide prevalence was lower in hot dry than cold dry season (4.94 versus 6.85%,<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.025<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). Gametocyte rate increased to 0.91% in February. Four species were identified.<jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>was most prevalent (74.13 and 63.72%).<jats:italic>P. malariae<\/jats:italic>increased from 9.38% to 22.54% in February. In contrast, prevalence of<jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>was higher (10.31%) without seasonal variation. Smear positivity was associated with splenomegaly (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.007<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>). Malaria remained stable in the villages with ponds (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.221<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>); in contrast, prevalence varied between the 2 seasons in the villages without ponds (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.004<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>).<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. Malaria was mesoendemic; 4 species circulates with a seasonal fluctuation for<jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/367160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,14]],"date-time":"2012-03-14T21:01:37Z","timestamp":1331758897000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effect of Seasonality and Ecological Factors on the Prevalence of the Four Malaria Parasite Species in Northern Mali"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Ousmane A.","family":"Koita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire Appliqu\u00e9e, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 de Bamako, BP 2191, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lansana","family":"Sangar\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire Appliqu\u00e9e, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 de Bamako, BP 2191, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hammadoun A.","family":"Sango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Pharmacie et d\u2019OdontoStomatologie, Universit\u00e9 de Bamako, BP 1805, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sounkalo","family":"Dao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des Maladies Infectieuses, H\u00f4pital National du Point G, BP 1805, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naffet","family":"Keita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction R\u00e9gionale de la Sant\u00e9 de Gao, Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9, BP 232, Gao, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moussa","family":"Maiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service des Maladies Infectieuses, H\u00f4pital National du Point G, BP 1805, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou","family":"Mounkoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire Appliqu\u00e9e, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 de Bamako, BP 2191, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoumana","family":"Fan\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Langues des Arts et des Sciences Humaines, Universit\u00e9 de Bamako, BP E 3637, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abderrhamane S.","family":"Maiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Recherche en Sant\u00e9 Publique, BP 1771, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kl\u00e9non","family":"Traor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Langues des Arts et des Sciences Humaines, Universit\u00e9 de Bamako, BP E 3637, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amadou","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire Appliqu\u00e9e, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Techniques, Universit\u00e9 de Bamako, BP 2191, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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