{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:05:57Z","timestamp":1792789557517,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centers of Biomedical Research Excellence","award":["8 P20 GM103464"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8 P20 GM103464"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pulmonary Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Humidification of inspired gas is important for patients receiving respiratory support. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) effectively provides temperature and humidity-controlled gas to the airway. We hypothesized that various levels of gas humidification would have differential effects on airway epithelial monolayers. Calu-3 monolayers were placed in environmental chambers at 37\u00b0C with relative humidity (RH) &lt; 20% (dry), 69% (noninterventional comparator), and &gt;90% (HFNC) for 4 and 8 hours with 10\u2009L\/min of room air. At 4 and 8 hours, cell viability and transepithelial resistance measurements were performed, apical surface fluid was collected and assayed for indices of cell inflammation and function, and cells were harvested for histology (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>6<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>\/condition). Transepithelial resistance and cell viability decreased over time (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>) between HFNC and dry groups (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Total protein secretion increased at 8 hours in the dry group (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in the dry group was greater than the other groups at 8 hours (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). Histological analysis showed increasing injury over time for the dry group. These data demonstrate that exposure to low humidity results in reduced epithelial cell function and increased inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/380686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,3]],"date-time":"2012-09-03T17:01:00Z","timestamp":1346691660000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["The Effects of Gas Humidification with High-Flow Nasal Cannula on Cultured Human Airway Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Aaron","family":"Chidekel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nemours Biomedical Research, Nemours Research Lung Center, Nemours\/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Nemours\/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland 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