{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:12:56Z","timestamp":1761743576251},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Hindawi Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Otolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. To examine whether Gram staining can influence the choice of antibiotic for the treatment of peritonsillar abscess.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Between 2005 and 2009, a total of 57 cases of peritonsillar abscess were analyzed with regard to cultured bacteria and Gram staining.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Only aerobes were cultured in 16% of cases, and only anaerobes were cultured in 51% of cases. Mixed growth of aerobes and anaerobes was observed in 21% of cases. The cultured bacteria were mainly aerobic<jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>, anaerobic Gram-positive cocci, and anaerobic Gram-negative rods. Phagocytosis of bacteria on Gram staining was observed in 9 cases. The bacteria cultured from these cases were aerobic<jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>, anaerobic Gram-positive cocci, and anaerobic Gram-negative rods. The sensitivity of Gram staining for the Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative rods was 90% and 64%, respectively. The specificity of Gram staining for the Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative rods was 62% and 76%, respectively. Most of the Gram-positive cocci were sensitive to penicillin, but some of anaerobic Gram-negative rods were resistant to penicillin.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. When Gram staining shows only Gram-positive cocci, penicillin is the treatment of choice. In other cases, antibiotics effective for the penicillin-resistant organisms should be used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/464973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,20]],"date-time":"2012-02-20T16:03:03Z","timestamp":1329753783000},"page":"1-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Gram Staining for the Treatment of Peritonsillar Abscess"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Yukinori","family":"Takenaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Osaka University Graduate, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Kinki Central Hospital, 3-1 Kurumazuka, Hyogo, Itami 664-8533, 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