{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T08:34:42Z","timestamp":1765355682852,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014180","name":"Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["VA37A611-2","VA0339A10-2","CEN-20091044","TEC2010-17982","MTM2007-63257","PI11\/01492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VA37A611-2","VA0339A10-2","CEN-20091044","TEC2010-17982","MTM2007-63257","PI11\/01492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014180","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014180","name":"Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["VA37A611-2","VA0339A10-2","CEN-20091044","TEC2010-17982","MTM2007-63257","PI11\/01492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VA37A611-2","VA0339A10-2","CEN-20091044","TEC2010-17982","MTM2007-63257","PI11\/01492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014180","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VA37A611-2","VA0339A10-2","CEN-20091044","TEC2010-17982","MTM2007-63257","PI11\/01492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VA37A611-2","VA0339A10-2","CEN-20091044","TEC2010-17982","MTM2007-63257","PI11\/01492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VA37A611-2","VA0339A10-2","CEN-20091044","TEC2010-17982","MTM2007-63257","PI11\/01492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VA37A611-2","VA0339A10-2","CEN-20091044","TEC2010-17982","MTM2007-63257","PI11\/01492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VA37A611-2","VA0339A10-2","CEN-20091044","TEC2010-17982","MTM2007-63257","PI11\/01492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VA37A611-2","VA0339A10-2","CEN-20091044","TEC2010-17982","MTM2007-63257","PI11\/01492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VA37A611-2","VA0339A10-2","CEN-20091044","TEC2010-17982","MTM2007-63257","PI11\/01492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VA37A611-2","VA0339A10-2","CEN-20091044","TEC2010-17982","MTM2007-63257","PI11\/01492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Several statistical models have been proposed in the literature to describe the behavior of speckles. Among them, the Nakagami distribution has proven to very accurately characterize the speckle behavior in tissues. However, it fails when describing the heavier tails caused by the impulsive response of a speckle. The Generalized Gamma (GG) distribution (which also generalizes the Nakagami distribution) was proposed to overcome these limitations. Despite the advantages of the distribution in terms of goodness of fitting, its main drawback is the lack of a closed-form maximum likelihood (ML) estimates. Thus, the calculation of its parameters becomes difficult and not attractive. In this work, we propose (1) a simple but robust methodology to estimate the ML parameters of GG distributions and (2) a Generalized Gama Mixture Model (GGMM). These mixture models are of great value in ultrasound imaging when the received signal is characterized by a different nature of tissues. We show that a better speckle characterization is achieved when using GG and GGMM rather than other state-of-the-art distributions and mixture models. Results showed the better performance of the GG distribution in characterizing the speckle of blood and myocardial tissue in ultrasonic images.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/481923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,4]],"date-time":"2012-12-04T22:10:55Z","timestamp":1354659055000},"page":"1-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A Generalized Gamma Mixture Model for Ultrasonic Tissue Characterization"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3803-4324","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Vegas-Sanchez-Ferrero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagen, ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n Edificio de las Nuevas Tecnolog\u00edas, Campus Miguel Delibes s\/n, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5337-5071","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Santiago","family":"Aja-Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagen, ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n Edificio de las Nuevas Tecnolog\u00edas, Campus Miguel Delibes s\/n, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cesar","family":"Palencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagen, ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n Edificio de las Nuevas Tecnolog\u00edas, Campus Miguel Delibes s\/n, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Martin-Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagen, ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n Edificio de las Nuevas Tecnolog\u00edas, Campus Miguel Delibes s\/n, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","series-title":"Topics in Applied Physics","first-page":"1145","volume-title":"Some fundamental properties of laser speckle","volume":"9\u201375","year":"1975"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2005.862664"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2008.929098"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2011.2106498"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2002.804276"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2006.877360"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2007.891803"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2006.881376"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.10.008"},{"issue":"3","key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1109\/58.842062","volume":"47","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/58.971725"},{"issue":"3","key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1965.10490268","volume":"7","year":"1965","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1109\/79.543975","volume":"13","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matcom.2008.02.006"},{"key":"17"},{"issue":"3","key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1109\/T-SU.1983.31404","volume":"30","year":"1983","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Sonics and Ultrasonics"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/uimg.1994.1016"},{"issue":"5","key":"20","first-page":"586","volume":"36","year":"1987","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability"},{"issue":"332","key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1970.10481190","volume":"65","year":"1970","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01930900"},{"issue":"3","key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1980.10486173","volume":"22","year":"1980","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/7.4.308","volume":"7","year":"1965","journal-title":"The Computer Journal"},{"year":"1973","key":"25"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/150294"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.990138"},{"issue":"217","key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1090\/S0025-5718-97-00807-7","volume":"66","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mathematics of Computation"},{"issue":"3","key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1145\/358407.358414","volume":"26","year":"2000","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"},{"year":"1999","key":"30"},{"issue":"12","key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(99)00195-8","volume":"33","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2003.1261122"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.910572"}],"container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2012\/481923.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2012\/481923.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2012\/481923.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T06:43:17Z","timestamp":1588833797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2012\/481923\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["481923","481923"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/481923","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1748-670X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1748-6718"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}