{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:39:30Z","timestamp":1791841170423,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Plectranthus amboinicus<\/jats:italic>(Lour.) Spreng. is a native Labiatae plant of Taiwan. The plants are commonly used in Chinese folk medicine for the treatment of cough, fever, sore throats, mumps, and mosquito bite. The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic and antiinflammatory properties of the aqueous extract from<jats:italic>Plectranthus amboinicus<\/jats:italic>(PA)<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. PA inhibited pain induced by acetic acid and formalin, and inflammation induced by carrageenan. The anti-inflammatory effect of PA was related to modulating antioxidant enzymes' activities in the liver and decreasing the Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>), and cyclooxygenase2 (COX-2) in edema-paw tissue in mice.<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>studies show that PA inhibited the proinflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). PA blocked the degradation of I<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>and nuclear translocation of NF-<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B p65 subunit. Finally, the amount of carvacrol in the aqueous extract of PA was 1.88\u2009mg\/g extract. Our findings suggest that PA has analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. These effects were mediated by inhibiting the proinflammatory mediators through blocking NF-<jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>B activation. Meanwhile, the effects observed in this study provide evidence for folkloric uses of<jats:italic>Plectranthus amboinicus<\/jats:italic>(Lour.) Spreng. in relieving pain and inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/508137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,11]],"date-time":"2011-09-11T19:01:53Z","timestamp":1315767713000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Analgesic and Antiinflammatory Activities of the Aqueous Extract from<i>Plectranthus amboinicus<\/i>(Lour.) Spreng. Both<i>In Vitro<\/i>and<i>In Vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Yung-Jia","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, no. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai-Hung","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, no. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan-Sung","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, no. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Hsin Sheng College of Medical Care and Management, no. 418 Zhongfeng Road, Taoyuan 32544, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Chun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, no. 35 Keyan Road, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Life Science, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"},{"name":"Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Huang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, no. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiu-Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Natural Healing Sciences, Nanhua University, no. 55, Section 1, Nanhua Road, Zhongkeng, Dalin Township, Chiayi County 62248, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(02)00013-3"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.034"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.204545"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2009.311"},{"issue":"1","key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2174\/1874192401004010089","volume":"4","year":"2010","journal-title":"Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890903405753"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35021228"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702866"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1001-907"},{"issue":"4","key":"10","first-page":"522","volume":"94","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.09.011"},{"issue":"5","key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-1996-6","volume":"107","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3109\/15376511003736787","volume":"20","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nem168"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1296.66927"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(83)90201-4"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.05.024"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(85)90759-9"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705650"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(90)86135-I"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(06)80019-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)28209-X","volume":"166","year":"1969","journal-title":"The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/344678a0"},{"issue":"1","key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(80)90377-5","volume":"61","year":"1980","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"25","first-page":"59","volume":"38","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Sinica"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00035-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"27","first-page":"171","volume":"13","year":"1991","journal-title":"International Journal of Tissue Reactions"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nel077"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(90)90131-2"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00200-9"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-6618(02)00089-0"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.07.006"},{"issue":"2","key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-959641","volume":"59","year":"1993","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2010.00609.x"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M900255-JLR200"}],"container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2012\/508137.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2012\/508137.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2012\/508137.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T13:48:23Z","timestamp":1741614503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2012\/508137\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["508137","508137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/508137","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-427X","1741-4288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-427X","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-4288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}