{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T22:59:09Z","timestamp":1769554749531,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,20]],"date-time":"2012-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1353369600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T90DE021990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T90DE021990"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG039659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG039659"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T90DE021990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T90DE021990"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG039659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG039659"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Few studies in healthy subjects have examined the neuroimmune responses associated with specific experimental pain stimuli, while none has measured multiple biomarkers simultaneously. The aim of the present study was to compare the neuro-immune responses following two common experimental pain stimuli: cold pressor test (CPT) and focal heat pain (FHP). Eight adults participated in two counterbalanced experimental sessions of FHP or CPT with continuous pain ratings and blood sampling before and 30 minutes after the sessions. Despite similar pain intensity ratings (FHP =<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>42.2<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>15.3<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>; CPT =<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>44.5<\/mml:mn><mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>34.1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>;<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.871<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), CPT and FHP induced different neuro-immune biomarker responses. CPT was accompanied by significant increases in cortisol (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.046<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.043<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) with significant decreases in several pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>(<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.028<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), IL-12 (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.012<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>(<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.039<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), and MCP-1 (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.038<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>)). There were nonsignificant biomarker changes during the FHP session. There were close to significant differences between the sessions for IL-1<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>(<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.081<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), IFN-<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>(<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M11\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.072<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>), and IL-12 (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M12\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.053<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) with biomarkers decreasing after CPT and increasing after FHP. There were stronger associations between catastrophizing and most biomarkers after CPT compared to FHP. Our results suggest that CPT is a stressful and painful stimulus, while FHP is mostly a painful stimulus. Thus, each experimental pain stimulus can activate different neuro-immune cascades, which are likely relevant for the interpretation of studies in chronic pain conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/538739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,20]],"date-time":"2012-11-20T21:01:04Z","timestamp":1353445264000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Immune Biomarker Response Depends on Choice of Experimental Pain Stimulus in Healthy Adults: A Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Yenisel","family":"Cruz-Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, P.O. 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