{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T18:39:02Z","timestamp":1740163142941,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006283","name":"Federal Railroad Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DTFR53-09-H-00021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DTFR53-09-H-00021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014523","name":"Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DTFR53-09-H-00021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DTFR53-09-H-00021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014523","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Computer Networks and Communications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The concept of cognitive radio (CR) focuses on devices that can sense their environment, adapt configuration parameters, and learn from past behaviors. Architectures tend towards simplified decision-making algorithms inspired by human cognition. Initial works defined cognitive engines (CEs) founded on heuristics, such as genetic algorithms (GAs), and case-based reasoning (CBR) experiential learning algorithms. This hybrid architecture enables both long-term learning, faster decisions based on past experience, and capability to still adapt to new environments. This paper details an autonomous implementation of a hybrid CBR-GA CE architecture on a universal serial radio peripheral (USRP) software-defined radio focused on link adaptation. Details include overall process flow, case base structure\/retrieval method, estimation approach within the GA, and hardware-software lessons learned. Unique solutions to realizing the concept include mechanisms for combining vector distance and past fitness into an aggregate quantification of similarity. Over-the-air performance under several interference conditions is measured using signal-to-noise ratio, packet error rate, spectral efficiency, and throughput as observable metrics. Results indicate that the CE is successfully able to autonomously change transmit power, modulation\/coding, and packet size to maintain the link while a non-cognitive approach loses connectivity. Solutions to existing shortcomings are proposed for improving case-base searching and performance estimation methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/549106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,17]],"date-time":"2012-05-17T12:30:09Z","timestamp":1337257809000},"page":"1-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Hybrid Experiential-Heuristic Cognitive Radio Engine Architecture and Implementation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Ashwin","family":"Amanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"}]},{"given":"David Gonzalez","family":"Fitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey H.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1145\/1621076.1621081","volume":"13","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3233\/AIC-1994-7104","volume":"7","year":"1994","journal-title":"AI Communications"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2009.2013022"},{"year":"1989","key":"8"},{"year":"1998","key":"10"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1145\/1621076.1621081","volume":"13","year":"2009","journal-title":"SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2010.070910.091651"}],"container-title":["Journal of Computer Networks and Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jcnc\/2012\/549106.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jcnc\/2012\/549106.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jcnc\/2012\/549106.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T19:47:39Z","timestamp":1594151259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jcnc\/2012\/549106\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"references-count":7,"alternative-id":["549106","549106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/549106","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-7141","2090-715X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2090-7141"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2090-715X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}}}